GERONA  , the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Gerona, in See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-eastern See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, on the railway from See also:

• BARCELONA

Barcelona to See also:

• PERPIGNAN

Perpignan in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, and on the right See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• RIVER

river Ter, at its confluence with the Ona, a small right-See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand tributary . Pop . (1900) 15,787 . The older See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• TOWN

town occupies the steep slope of the Montjuich, or See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill of the See also:

• CAPUCHINS

Capuchins, and with its old-fashioned buildings presents a picturesque See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance against a back-ground of loftier heights; the newer portion stretches down into the See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain and beyond the Ona, which is here crossed by a See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge of three See also:

• ARCHES, COURT OF

arches . The old See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city walls and their bastions still remain, though in a dilapidated See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state; and the hill is crowned by what were at one See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time very strong fortifications, now used as a See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison . Gerona is the seat of a See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop, has a See also:

• SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

seminary, a public library and a See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre, and carries on the manufacture of See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper and See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton and woollen goods . Its churches are of exceptional See also:

• INTEREST

interest . The See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral is one of the grandest specimens of See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture in Spain, the See also:

• NAVE

nave being the widest pointed vault in Christendom, as it See also:

• MEASURES

measures no less than 73 ft. from See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side to side, while See also:

• ALBI

Albi, the next in See also:

• SIZE

size, is only 58 ft., and See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey is only 38 . The old cathedral on the same site was used as a See also:

• MOSQUE (through Fr. mosquie; Span. mezquila, from Arab. masjid, sajada, to adore)

mosque by the See also:

• MOORS (Lat. Mauri; Gr. Mavpot, dark men)
• MOORS, KABYLES, MZABITES

Moors, and on their See also:

• EXPULSION (Lat. expulsio, from expellere)

expulsion in 1015 it appears to have been very greatly modified, if not entirely rebuilt . During the 14th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century new See also:

• WORKS

works were again carried out on an extensive See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale, but it was not till the beginning of the 15th that the proposal to erect the See also:

• PRESENT

present magnificent nave was originated by the See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of the works, Guillermo Boffly . The See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general appearance of the exterior is rather ungainly, but there is a See also:

• FINE

fine approach by a See also:

• FLIGHT

flight of 86 steps to the See also:

• FACADE

facade, which rises in tiers and terminates in an See also:

• OVAL (Lat. ovum, egg)

oval See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose-window . Among the tombs may be mentioned those of Bishop See also:

• BERENGER, ALPHONSE MARIE MARCELLIN THOMAS (1785-1866)

Berenger or Berenguer (d .

1408), See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count Ramon Berenger II . (d . 1o8z) and the countess Ermesinda (d . 1057) . The collegiate See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of See also:

• SAN

San Felfu (St See also:

• FELIX
• FELIX, ANTONIUS
• FELIX, LIA (1830– )

Felix) is mainly of the 14th century, but it was considerably modified in the 16th, and its facade See also:

• DATES

dates from the 18th . It is one of the few See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish churches that can boast of a genuine See also:

• SPIRE

spire, and it thus forms a striking feature in the general view of the town . The See also:

• BENEDICTINE

Benedictine church of San Pedro de Galligans (or de los Gallos) is an interesting Romanesque See also:

• BUILDING

building of See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early date . It is named from the small river Galligans, an affluent of the Ona, which flows through the city . In the same neighbourhood is a small church worthy of See also:

• NOTICE

notice as a rare Spanish example of a transverse triapsal See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan . Gerona is the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Gerunda, a city of the Auscetani . It claims to be the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in which St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul and St See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James first rested when they came to Spain; and it became the see of a bishop about 247 . For a considerable See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period it was in the hands of the Moors, and their emir, See also:

• SULEIMAN

Suleiman, was in See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance with See also:

• PIPPIN, or PEPIN

Pippin the See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

Short, See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of the See also:

• FRANKS
• FRANKS, SIR AUGUSTUS WOLLASTON (1826-1897)

Franks, about 759 .

It was taken by See also:

• CHARLEMAGNE [CHARLES THE GREAT] (c. 742-814)
• CHARLEMAGNE, JEAN ARMAND (1753–1838)

Charlemagne in 785; but the Moors regained and sacked it in 795, and it was not till 1o15 that they were finally expelled . At a later date it gave the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of count to the king of See also:

• ARAGON, or ARRAGON (in Span. Aragon)

Aragon's eldest son . It has been besieged no fewer than twenty-five times in all, and only four of the sieges have resulted in its See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture . The investment by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French under See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

Marshal Hocquincourt in 1653, that of 1684 by the French under Marshal Bellefonds, and the successful enterprise of Marshal See also:

• NOAILLES

Noailles in 1694 are the three See also:

• GREAT

great events of its See also:

• HISTORY

history in the 17th century . Surrendered by the French at the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• RYSWICK, TREATY OF

Ryswick, it was again captured by the younger Marshal Noailles in 1706, after a brilliant See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence; and in 1717 it held out against the Austrians . But its noblest resistance was yet to be made . In May 1809 it was besieged by the French, with 35,000 troops, under J . A . Verdier, P . F . See also:

• AUGEREAU, PIERRE FRANCOIS CHARLES

Augereau and See also:

• GOUVION

Gouvion St Cyr; See also:

• FORTY

forty batteries were erected against it and a heavy See also:

• BOMBARDMENT

bombardment maintained; but under the leadership of Mariano See also:

• ALVAREZ, DON JOSE (1768-1827)
• ALVAREZ, DON MANUEL (1727-1797)
• ALVAREZ, FRANCISCO (c. 1465-1541?)

Alvarez de See also:

• CASTRO, INEZ DE (d. 1355)
• CASTRO, JOAO DE (1500-1548)

Castro it held out till See also:

• FAMINE (Lat. fames, hunger)

famine and See also:

• FEVER (Lat. febris, connected with fervere, to burn)

fever compelled a See also:

• CAPITULATION (Lat. capitulum, a little head or division; capitulare, to treat upon terms)

capitulation on the 12th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December . The French, it is said, had spent 20,000 bombs and 6o,000 See also:

• CANNON (a word common to Romance languages, from the Lat. canna, a reed, tube, with the addition of the augmentative termination -on, -one)

cannon balls, and their loss was estimated at 15,000 men .

See Juan Gaspar Roig y Jalpi, Resumen de See also:

• LAS

las Grandezas, &c . (Barcelona, 1678); J . A . Nieto y See also:

• SAMANIEGO, FELIX MARIA DE (1745-1801)

Samaniego, Memorias (See also:

• TARRAGONA
• TARRAGONA (anc. Tarraco)

Tarragona, 181o) ; G . E . See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street, Gothic Architecture in Spain (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1869) .