See also:

• GEROUSIA (Gr. yepovo'ia, Doric yepwta)

GEROUSIA (Gr. yepovo'ia, Doric yepwta)  , the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of elders at See also:

• SPARTA (Gr. Eirapril or AaKe5atycav)

Sparta, corresponding in some of its functions to the Athenian See also:

• BOULE (Gr. 0ovXi ,, literally " will," " advice "; hence a " council ")

Boule . In See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical times it numbered twenty-eight members, to whom were added ex officio the two See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings and, later, the five ephors . Candidates must have passed their sixtieth See also:

• YEAR

year, i.e. they must no longer be liable to military service, and they were possibly restricted to the See also:

• NOBILITY

nobility . Vacancies were filled by the See also:

• APELLA

Apella, that See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate being declared elected whom the See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly acclaimed with the loudest shouts—a method which See also:

• ARISTOTLE
• ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.)

Aristotle censures as childish (Polit. ii . 9, p . 1271 a 9) . Once elected, the gerontes held See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office for See also:

• LIFE

life and were irresponsible . The functions of the. council were among the most important in the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . It prepared the business which was to be submitted to the Apella, and was empowered to set aside, in See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with the kings, any " crooked " decision of the See also:

• PEOPLE

people . Together with the kings and, ephors it formed the supreme executive See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee of the state, and it exercised also a considerable criminal and See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction, including the trial of kings; its competence extended to the infliction of a See also:

• SENTENCE (Lat. sententia, a way of thinking, opinion, judgment; vote, sentire, to feel, think)

sentence of See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile or even of See also:

• DEATH

death . These See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers, or at least the greater See also:

• PART

part of them, were transferred by Cleomenes III. to a See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of patronomi (See also:

• PAUSANIAS

Pausanias ii . 9 .

I); the See also:

• GEROUSIA (Gr. yepovo'ia, Doric yepwta)

gerousia, however, continued to exist at least down to See also:

• HADRIAN (PUBLICS AELIUS HADRIANUS)

Hadrian's reign, consisting of twenty-three members annually elected, but eligible for re-See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election (Sparta Museum See also:

• CATALOGUE (a Fr. adaptation of the Gr. KaraXoyos, a register, from Karalyety, to enrol or pick out)

Catalogue, Nos . 210, 612 and Introduction § 17) . See also:

• FULLER, ANDREW (1954-1815)
• FULLER, GEORGE (1822—1884)
• FULLER, M
• FULLER, MARGARET, MARCHIONESS
• FULLER, MELVILLE WESTON (1833-1910)
• FULLER, THOMAS (16o8-1661)
• FULLER, WILLIAM (1670--c. 1717)

Fuller discussions of the gerousia will be found in Aristotle, Politics, ii . 9, 17-19; See also:

• PLUTARCH
• PLUTARCH (Gr. llXoi rapxos) (c. A.D. 46–120)

Plutarch, See also:

• LYCURGUS
• LYCURGUS (c. 396–325 B.C.)
• LYCURGUS (Gr. AvKofpyor)

Lycurgus, 5, 26; G . F . See also:

• SCHOMANN, GEORG FRIEDRICH (1793—1879)

Schomann, Antiquities of See also:

• GREECE

Greece; The State (Eng. trans.), p . 230 ff.; G . See also:

• GILBERT
• GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
• GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
• GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
• GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
• GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
• GILBERT, J
• GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
• GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
• GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
• GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
• GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
• GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )

Gilbert, Constitutional Antiquities of Sparta and See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens (Eng. trans.), p . 47 ff . ; C . O . See also:

• MULLER, FERDINAND VON, BARON (1825–1896)
• MULLER, FRIEDRICH (1749-1825)
• MULLER, GEORGE (1805-1898)
• MULLER, JOHANNES PETER (18o1-1858)
• MULLER, JOHANNES VON (1752-1809)
• MULLER, JULIUS (18oi-1878)
• MULLER, KARL OTFRIED (1797-1840)
• MULLER, LUCIAN (1836-1898)
• MULLER, WILHELM (1794-1827)
• MULLER, WILLIAM JAMES (1812-1845)

Muller, See also:

• HISTORY

History and Antiquities of the Doric See also:

• RACE

Race (Eng. trans.), iii. c .

6, §§ 1-3; G . Busolt, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die griechischen Staats- and Rechtsalter-Iiimer (Iwan Muller's Handbuch der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft, iv . 1), § 89; Griechische Geschichte, 2te Auflage i . 550 ff.; A . H . J . Greenidge, Handbook of See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek Constitutional History, See also:

• LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo ff.; H . See also:

• GABRIEL (Heb. SKns, man of God)

Gabriel, De magistratibus Lacedaemoniorum, 31 if . (M . N .