See also:

• JOSIAH (Heb. yo' shiyydhu, perhaps " Yah [weh] supports ")

JOSIAH See also:

• WILLARD, FRANCES ELIZABETH (1839–1898)

WILLARD See also:

• JOSIAH WILLARD GIBBS (1839-1903)
• GIBBS, OLIVER WOLCOTT (1822-1908)

GIBBS (1839-1903)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American mathematical physicist, the See also:

• FOURTH

fourth See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child and only son of See also:

• JOSIAH (Heb. yo' shiyydhu, perhaps " Yah [weh] supports ")

Josiah See also:

• WILLARD, FRANCES ELIZABETH (1839–1898)

Willard See also:

• GIBBS, JOSIAH WILLARD (1839-1903)
• GIBBS, OLIVER WOLCOTT (1822-1908)

Gibbs (179o-1861), who was See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of sacred literature in Yale Divinity School from 1824 till his See also:

• DEATH

death, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at New Haven on the 11th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1839 . Entering Yale See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College in 1854 he graduated in 1858, and continuing his studies there was appointed See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor in 1863 . He taught Latin in the first two years, and natural See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy in the third . He then went to See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, studying in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in 1866-1867, in See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin in 1867 and in See also:

• HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg in 1868 . Returning to New Haven in 1869, he was appointed professor of mathematical physics in Yale College in 1871, and held that position till his death, which occurred at New Haven on the 28th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1903 . His first contributions to mathematical physics were two papers published in 1873 in the Transactions of the See also:

• CONNECTICUT

Connecticut See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy on " Graphical Methods in the See also:

• THERMODYNAMICS (from Gr. Bepµos, hot, Siva trs, force)

Thermodynamics of Fluids," and " Method of Geometrical See also:

• REPRESENTATION

Representation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Substances by means of Surfaces." His next and most important publication was his famous See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper " On the See also:

• EQUILIBRIUM (from the Lat. aequus, equal, and libra, a balance)

Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances " (in two parts, 1876 and 1878), which, it has been said, founded a new See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of chemical See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science that is becoming comparable in importance to that created by See also:

• LAVOISIER, ANTOINE LAURENT (1743-1794)

Lavoisier . This See also:

• WORK

work was translated into See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German by W . Ostwald (who styled its author the " founder of chemical See also:

• ENERGETICS

energetics ") in 1891 and into See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French by H. le Chatelier in 1899 . In 1881 and 1884 he printed some notes on the elements of vector See also:

• ANALYSIS (Gr. avci and Meta, to break up into parts)

analysis for the use of his students; these were never formally published, but they formed the basis of a See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text-See also:

• BOOK

book on Vector Analysis which was published by his See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil, E . B . See also:

• WILSON, ALEXANDER (1766-1813)
• WILSON, HENRY (1812–1875)
• WILSON, HORACE HAYMAN (1786–1860)
• WILSON, JAMES (1742—1798)
• WILSON, JAMES (1835— )
• WILSON, JAMES HARRISON (1837– )
• WILSON, JOHN (1627-1696)
• WILSON, JOHN (178 1854)
• WILSON, ROBERT (d. 1600)
• WILSON, SIR DANIEL (1816–1892)
• WILSON, SIR ROBERT THOMAS (1777—1849)
• WILSON, SIR WILLIAM JAMES ERASMUS
• WILSON, THOMAS (1663-1755)
• WILSON, THOMAS (c. 1525-1581)
• WILSON, WOODROW (1856— )

Wilson, in 1901 . Between 1882 and 1889 a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of papers on certain points in the electromagnetic theory of See also:

• LIGHT

light and its relation to the various elastic solid theories appeared in the American See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal of Science, and his last work, Elementary Principles in Statistical See also:

• MECHANICS

Mechanics, was issued in 1902 .

The name of Willard Gibbs, who was the most distinguished American mathematical physicist of his See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, is especially associated with the " Phase See also:

• RULE

Rule," of which some See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account will be found in the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article ENERGETICS . In 1901 the See also:

• COPLEY, JOHN SINGLETON (1737—1815)

Copley See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal of the Royal Society of See also:

• LONDON

London was awarded him as being " the first to apply the second See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law of thermodynamics to the exhaustive discussion of the relation between chemical, See also:

• ELECTRICAL
• ELECTRICAL (or ELECTROSTATIC) MACHINE

electrical and thermal See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy and capacity for See also:

• EXTERNAL

external work." A See also:

• BIOGRAPHICAL

biographical See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

sketch will be found in his collected Scientific Papers (2 vols., 1906) .