See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM See also:

• GIFFORD, ROBERT SWAIN (184o—19o5)
• GIFFORD, SANDFORD ROBINSON (1823–188o)
• WILLIAM GIFFORD (1756-1826)

GIFFORD (1756-1826)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English publicist and See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of letters, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• ASHBURTON
• ASHBURTON, ALEXANDER BARING
• ASHBURTON, JOHN DUNNING, 1ST

Ashburton, See also:

• DEVON, EARLS OF

Devon, in See also:

• APRIL

April 1756 . His See also:

• FATHER

father was a glazier of indifferent See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, and before he was thirteen See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William had lost both parents . The business was seized by his godfather, on whom William and his See also:

• BROTHER

brother, a See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child of two, became entirely dependent . For about three months William was allowed to remain at the See also:

• FREE

free school of the See also:

• TOWN

town . He was then put to follow the plough, but after a See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day's trial he proved unequal to the task, and was sent to See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea with the See also:

• BRIXHAM

Brixham fishermen . After a See also:

• YEAR

year at sea his godfather, driven by the See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion of the townsfolk, put the boy to school once more . He made rapid progress, especially in See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics, and began to assist the See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master . In 1772 he was apprenticed-to a shoemaker, and when he wished to pursue his mathematical studies, he was obliged to See also:

• WORK

work his problems with an See also:

• AWL (0. Eng. ael; at one time spelt nawl by a confusion with the indefinite article before it)

awl on beaten See also:

• LEATHER (a word which appears in all Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Leder, Dutch leer or leder, Swed. leder, and in such Celtic forms as Welsh llader)
• LEATHER, ARTIFICIAL

leather . By the kindness of an Ashburton surgeon, William Cooksley, a subscription was raised to enable him to return to school . Ultimately he proceeded in his twenty-third year to See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, where he was appointed a See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible clerk in See also:

• EXETER
• EXETER, EARL, MARQUESS AND DUKE OF

Exeter See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College . Leaving the university shortly after See also:

• GRADUATION (see also GRADUATE)

graduation in 1782, he found a generous See also:

• PATRON

patron in the first See also:

• EARL

Earl Grosvenor, who undertook to provide for him, and sent him on two prolonged See also:

• CONTINENTAL

continental See also:

• TOURS

tours in the capacity of See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor to his son, See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord Belgrave . Settling in See also:

• LONDON

London, See also:

• GIFFORD, ROBERT SWAIN (184o—19o5)
• GIFFORD, SANDFORD ROBINSON (1823–188o)
• GIFFORD, WILLIAM (1756-1826)

Gifford published in 1794 his first work, a See also:

• CLEVER

clever satirical piece, after See also:

• PERSIUS

Persius, entitled the Baviad, aimed at a coterie of second-See also:

• RATE

rate writers at See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence, then popularly known as the Della Cruscans, of which Mrs See also:

• PIOZZI, HESTER LYNCH (1741-1821)

Piozzi was the See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader .

A second See also:

• SATIRE (Lat. satira, satura; see below)

satire of a similar description, the Maeviad, directed against the corruptions of the See also:

• DRAMA (literally "action," from Gr. Snail, act or do)

drama, appeared in 1795 . About this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time Gifford became acquainted with See also:

• CANNING, CHARLES JOHN, EARL (1812-1862)
• CANNING, GEORGE (1770-1827)

Canning, with whose help he in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1797 originated a weekly newspaper of Conservative politics entitled the See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

Anti-Jacobin, which, however, in the following year ceased to be published . An English version of See also:

• JUVENAL (DECIMUS JUNIUS JUVENALIS) (c. 60-140)

Juvenal, on which he had been for many years engaged, appeared in 1802; to this an autobiographical See also:

• NOTICE

notice of the translator, reproduced in See also:

• NICHOL, JOHN (1833-1894)

Nichol's Illustrations of Literature, was prefixed . Two years afterwards Gifford published an annotated edition of the plays of See also:

• MASSINGER, PHILIP (1583-1640)

Massinger; and in 1809, when the Quarterly See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review was projected, he. was made editor . The success which attended the Quarterly from the outset was due in no small degree to the ability and tact with which Gifford discharged his editorial duties . He took, however, considerable liberties with the articles he inserted, and See also:

• SOUTHEY, ROBERT (1774-1843)

Southey, who was one of his See also:

• REGULAR

regular contributors, said that Gifford looked on authors as Izaak See also:

• WALTON, BRIAN (1600-1661)
• WALTON, IZAAK (1593-1683)

Walton did on See also:

• WORMS

worms . His See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter opposition to Radicals and his onslaughts on new writers, conspicuous among which was the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article on See also:

• KEATS, JOHN (1795-1821)

Keats's See also:

• ENDYMION

Endymion, called forth See also:

• HAZLITT, WILLIAM (1778-1830)

Hazlitt's See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

Letter to W . Gifford in 1819 . His connexion with the Review continued until within about two years of his See also:

• DEATH

death, which took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in London on the 31st of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1826 . Besides numerous contributions to the Quarterly during the last fifteen years of his See also:

• LIFE

life, he wrote a metrical See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of Persius, which appeared in 1821 . Gifford also edited the dramas of See also:

• BEN (from Old Eng. bennan, within)

Ben See also:

• JONSON

Jonson in 1816; and his edition of See also:

• FORD, EDWARD ONSLOW
• FORD, JOHN (r586–c.1640)
• FORD, RICHARD (1796-1858)
• FORD, THOMAS (b. c. 158o)

Ford appeared posthumously in 1827 . His notes on See also:

• SHIRLEY (or SHERLEY), JAMES (1596-1666)
• SHIRLEY (or SHERLEY), SIR ANTHONY (1565-c. 1635)
• SHIRLEY, WILLIAM (1694-1771)

Shirley were incorporated in See also:

• DYCE, ALEXANDER (1798–1869)
• DYCE, WILLIAM (1806–1864)

Dyce's edition in 1833 .

His See also:

• POLITICAL

political services were acknowledged by the appointments of See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner of the lottery and paymaster of the See also:

• GENTLE (through the Fr. gentil, from Lat. gentilis, belonging to the same gens, or family)

gentle-man pensioners . He See also:

• LEFT

left a considerable See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune, the bulk of which went to the son of his first benefactor, William Cooksley .