See also:

• GIGLIO (anc. Igilium)

GIGLIO (anc. Igilium)  , an See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island of See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, off the S.W. See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of Italy, in the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• GROSSETO

Grosseto, 11 m. to the W. of See also:

• MONTE

Monte Argentario, the nearest point on the coast . It See also:

• MEASURES

measures about 5 M. by 3 and its highest point is 1634 ft. above See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-level . Pop . (1901) 2062 . It is partly composed of See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite, which was quarried here by the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans, and is still used; the island is fertile, and produces See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine and See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit, the cultivation of which has taken the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of the forests of which Rutilius spoke (Itin. i . 325, " eminus Igilii silvosa cacumina miror ") . See also:

• JULIUS

Julius See also:

• CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS (102—44 B.c.)
• CAESAR, SIR JULIUS (1557-1558-1636)

Caesar mentions its sailors in the See also:

• FLEET

fleet of Domitius See also:

• AHENOBARBUS (" brazen-bearded ")

Ahenobarbus . In Rutilius's See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time it served as a place of See also:

• REFUGE

refuge from the See also:

• BARBARIAN (Gr. fap/3apos)

barbarian invaders . See also:

• CHARLEMAGNE [CHARLES THE GREAT] (c. 742-814)
• CHARLEMAGNE, JEAN ARMAND (1753–1838)

Charlemagne gave it to the See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey of Tre See also:

• FONTANE, THEODOR (1819-1898)

Fontane at See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome . In the 14th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century it belonged to See also:

• PISA
• PISA, COUNCIL OF (1409)

Pisa, then to See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence, then, after being seized by the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish fleet, it was ceded to See also:

• ANTONIO
• ANTONIO (1429—1498)
• ANTONIO, NICOLAS (1617-1684)

Antonio See also:

• PICCOLOMINI
• PICCOLOMINI, OCTAVIO, PRINCE (1599-1656)

Piccolomini, See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew of See also:

• PIUS

Pius II . In 1558 it was sold to the wife of Cosimo I. of Florence . See See also:

• ARCHDUKE (Lat. archidux, Ger. Erzherzog)

Archduke See also:

• LUDWIG, KARL FRIEDRICH WILHELM (1816—1895)
• LUDWIG, OTTO (1813-1865)

Ludwig Salvator, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Insel See also:

• GIGLIO (anc. Igilium)

Giglio (See also:

• PRAGUE (Ger. Prag; Bohemian Praha)

Prague, 1900) .

GIJON, a seaport of See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, in the province of See also:

• OVIEDO

Oviedo; on the See also:

• BAY

Bay of See also:

• BISCAY (Vizcaya)
• BISCAY, BAY OF (Fr. Golfe de Gascogne; Sp. Golfo de Vizcaya)

Biscay, and at the See also:

• TERMINUS

terminus of See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways from See also:

• AVILES
• AVILES, PEDRO MENENDEZ DE (1519-1574)

Aviles, Oviedo and See also:

• LANGREO

Langreo . Pop . (Igoo) 47,544• The older parts of Gijon, which are partly enclosed by See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient walls, occupy the upper slopes of a See also:

• PENINSULAR

peninsular headland, See also:

• SANTA

Santa Catalina Point; while its more See also:

• MODERN

modern suburbs extend along the See also:

• SHORE

shore to Cape Torres, on the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west, and Cape See also:

• SAN

San Lorenzo, on the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east . These suburbs contain the See also:

• TOWN

town-See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall, See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre, markets, and abull-See also:

• RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

ring with seats for 12,000 spectators . Few of the buildings of Gijon are noteworthy for any architectural merit, except perhaps the 15th-century See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of San Pedro, which has a triple See also:

• ROW, JOHN (c. 1525—1580)

row of aisles on each See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, the See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace of the marquesses of Revillajigedo (or Revilla Gigedo), and the Asturian See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute or See also:

• JOVELLANOS (or JovE LLANOS), GASPAR MELCHOR DE (1744-1811)

Jovellanos Institute . The last named has a very See also:

• FINE

fine collection of drawings by Spanish and other artists, a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good library and classes for instruction in See also:

• SEAMANSHIP

seamanship, See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics and See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages . It was founded in 1797 by the poet and states-See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos (1744-1811) . Jovellanos, a native of Gijon, is buried in San Pedro . The Bay of Gijon is the most important roadstead on the Spanish coast between See also:

• FERROL [El Ferrol]

Ferrol and See also:

• SANTANDER
• SANTANDER (ancient Portus Blendium or Fanum S. Andreae)

Santander . Its first See also:

• QUAY
• QUAY, MATTHEW STANLEY (1833-1904)

quay was constructed by means of a See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant from See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles V. in 1552–1554; and its See also:

• ARSENAL

arsenal, added in the reign of See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip II . (1556-1598), was used in 1588 as a repairing station for the surviving See also:

• SHIPS

ships of the Invincible See also:

• ARMADA, THE

Armada . A new quay was built in 1766-1768, and extended in 1859; the See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour was further improved in 1864, and after 1892, when the Musel harbour of refuge was created at the extremity of the bay .

It was, how-ever, the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of railway communication in 1884 which brought the town its modern prosperity, by rendering it the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• PORT

port of shipment for the products of Langreo and other See also:

• MINING

mining centres in Oviedo . ' A rapid commercial development followed . Besides large See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco, See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass and See also:

• PORCELAIN

porcelain factories, Gijon possesses See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron foundries and See also:

• PETROLEUM (Lat. Petra, rock, and oleuin, oil)

petroleum refineries; while its See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries include See also:

• FISHERIES

fisheries, and the manufacture of pre-served foods, See also:

• SOAP

soap, See also:

• CHOCOLATE

chocolate, candles and See also:

• LIQUEURS

liqueurs . In 1903 the harbour accommodated 2189 vessels of 358,375 tons . In the same See also:

• YEAR

year the imports, consisting chiefly of machinery, iron, See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood and See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food-stuffs, were valued at £660,889; while the exports, comprising See also:

• ZINC

zinc, See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper, iron and other minerals, with See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish, nuts and See also:

• FARM

farm produce, were valued at £100,941 . Gijon is usually identified with the Gigia of the Romans, which, however, occupied the site of the adjoining suburb of Cima de See also:

• VILLA

Villa . See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early in the 8th century Gijon was captured and strengthened by the See also:

• MOORS (Lat. Mauri; Gr. Mavpot, dark men)
• MOORS, KABYLES, MZABITES

Moors, who used the stones of the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city for their fortifications, but were expelled by See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King Pelayo' (720-737) . In 844 Gijon successfully resisted a See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman See also:

• RAID

raid; in 1395 it was burned down; but thenceforward it gradually See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose to commercial importance .