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DANIEL COIT GILMAN (1831-1908)

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 25 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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DANIEL COIT See also:GILMAN (1831-1908)  , See also:American educationist, was See also:born in See also:Norwich, See also:Connecticut, on the 6th of See also:July 1831 . He graduated at Yale in 1852, studied in See also:Berlin, was assistant librarian of Yale in 1856–1858 and librarian in 1858–1865, and was See also:professor of See also:physical and See also:political See also:geography in the See also:Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University and a member of the See also:Gillray's caricatures are divided into two classes, the political See also:series and the social . The political caricatures See also:form really the best See also:history extant of the latter See also:part of the reign of See also:George III . They were circulated not only over See also:Britain but throughout See also:Europe, and exerted a powerful See also:influence . In this series, George III., the See also:queen, the See also:prince of See also:Wales, See also:Fox, See also:Pitt, See also:Burke and See also:Napoleon are the most prominent figures . In 1788 appeared two See also:fine caricatures by Gillray . " See also:Blood on See also:Thunder fording the Red See also:Sea " represents See also:Lord See also:Thurlow carrying See also:Warren See also:Hastings through a sea of See also:gore: Hastings looks very comfortable, and is carrying two large bags of See also:money . " See also:Market-See also:Day " pictures the ministerialists of the See also:time as horned See also:cattle for See also:sale . Among Gillray's best satires on the See also:king are: " See also:Farmer George and his Wife," two See also:companion plates, in one of which the king is toasting muffins for breakfast, and in the other the queen is frying sprats; "The See also:Anti-Saccharites," where the royal pair propose to dispense with See also:sugar, to the See also:great horror of the See also:family; " A Connoisseur Examining a See also:Cooper "; " See also:Temperance enjoying a Frugal See also:Meal "; " Royal Affability "; " A See also:Lesson in See also:Apple Dumplings "; and " The Pigs Possessed." Among his other political caricatures may be mentioned: " Britannia between Scylla and Charybdis," a picture in which Pitt, so often Gillray's See also:butt, figures in a favourable See also:light; " The Bridal See also:Night "; " The See also:Apotheosis of See also:Hoche," which concentrates the excesses of the See also:French Revolution in one view; " The Nursery with Britannia reposing in See also:Peace "; " The First See also:Kiss these Ten Years " (1803), another See also:satire on the peace, which is said to have greatly amused Napoleon; " The See also:Handwriting upon the See also:Wall "; " The Confederated See also:Coalition," a fling at the coalition which superseded the Addington See also:ministry; " Uncorking Old See also:Sherry "; " The See also:Plum-See also:Pudding in Danger "; " Making Decent," i.e . " Broad-bottomites getting into the See also:Grand See also:Costume "; Comforts of a See also:Bed of See also:Roses "; " View of the Hustings in Covent See also:Garden See also:Phaethon Alarmed "; and " See also:Pandora opening her See also:Box." The See also:miscellaneous series of caricatures, although they have scarcely the See also:historical importance of the political series, are more readily intelligible, and are even more amusing . Among the finest are: " See also:Shakespeare Sacrificed "; " Flemish Characters " (two plates); " Twopenny See also:Whist "; " Oh ! that this too solid flesh would melt "; " See also:Sandwich Carrots "; The See also:Gout "; Comfort to the Corns "; Begone Dull Care "; The Cow-Pock," which gives humorous expression to the popular dread of See also:vaccination; Dilletanti Theatricals "; and " See also:Harmony before See also:Matrimony " and " Matrimonial Harmonics "—two exceedingly See also:good sketches in violent contrast to each other . A selection of Gillray's See also:works appeared in parts in 1818; but the first good edition was See also:Thomas M'Lean's, which was published, with a See also:key, in 183o .

A somewhat See also:

bitter attack, not only on Gillray's See also:character, but even on his See also:genius, appeared in the See also:Athenaeum for Governing See also:Board of this School in 1863-1872 . From 1856 to 186o he was a member of the school board of New Haven, and from See also:August 1865 to See also:January 1867 secretary of the Connecticut Board of See also:Education . In 1.872 he became See also:president of the University of See also:California at See also:Berkeley . On the 3oth of See also:December 1874 he was elected first president of Johns See also:Hopkins University (q.v.) at See also:Baltimore . He entered upon his duties on the 1st of May 1875, and was formally inaugurated on the 22nd of See also:February 1876 . This See also:post he filled until 19or . From 1901 to 1904 he was the first president of the See also:Carnegie Institution at See also:Washington, D.C . He died at Norwich, See also:Conn., on the 13th of See also:October 1908 . He received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Harvard, St See also:John's, See also:Columbia, Yale, See also:North Carolina, See also:Princeton, See also:Toronto, See also:Wisconsin and See also:Clark See also:Universities, and See also:William and See also:Mary See also:College . His influence upon higher education in See also:America was great, especially at Johns Hopkins, where many See also:wise details of ad-ministration, the See also:plan of bringing to the university as lecturers for a part of the See also:year scholars from other colleges, the choice of a singularly brilliant and able See also:faculty, and the marked willingness to recognize workers in new branches of See also:science were all largely due to him . To the organization of the Johns Hopkins See also:hospital, of which he was made director in 18$9, he contributed greatly . He was a singularly good See also:judge of men and an able See also:administrator, and under him Johns Hopkins had an immense influence, especially in the promotion of See also:original and productive See also:research .

He was always deeply interested in the researches of the professors at Johns Hopkins,. and it has been said of him that his See also:

attention as president was turned inside and not outside the university . He was instrumental in determining the policy of the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University while he was a member of its governing board; on the 28th of October 1897 he delivered at New Haven a semi-centennial discourse on the school, which appears in his University Problems . He was a prominent member of the American Archaeological Society and of the American See also:Oriental Society; was one of the original trustees of the John F . See also:Slater Fund (for a time he was secretary, and from 1893 until his See also:death was president of the board); from 1891 until his death was a trustee of the See also:Peabody Educational Fund (being the See also:vice-president of the board); and was an original member of the See also:General Education Board (1902) and a trustee of the See also:Russell See also:Sage See also:Foundation for Social See also:Betterment (1907) . In 1896-1897 he served on the See also:Venezuela Boundary See also:Commission appointed by President See also:Cleveland . In 1901 he succeeded Carl See also:Schurz as president of the See also:National See also:Civil Service Reform See also:League and served until 1907 . Some of his papers and addresses are collected in a See also:volume entitled University Problems in the See also:United States (1888) . He wrote, besides, See also:James See also:Monroe (1883), in the American Statesmen Series; a See also:Life of James D . See also:Dana, the geologist (1899); Science and Letters at Yale (1901),. and The Launching of a University (1906), an See also:account of the See also:early years of Johns Hopkins .

End of Article: DANIEL COIT GILMAN (1831-1908)
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