PHILIPPE See also:

• HENRI

HENRI DE See also:

• GIRARD, JEAN BAPTISTE [known as " Le Pere Girard " or" Le Pere Gregoire "] (1765-185o)
• PHILIPPE HENRI DE GIRARD (1775-1845)
• GIRARD, STEPHEN (1750-1831)

GIRARD (1775-1845)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French mechanician, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Lourmarin, See also:

• VAUCLUSE

Vaucluse, on the 1st of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1775 . He is chiefly known in connexion with See also:

• FLAX

flax-See also:

• SPINNING (from O. Eng. spinnen, to spin, cf. Ger. spinnen, &c., the Teut. root is seen, to draw out, cf. span, spider)

spinning machinery . See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon having in 18ro decreed a See also:

• REWARD

reward of one million francs to the inventor of the best See also:

• MACHINE
• MACHINE (through Fr. from Lat. form machina of Gr. µnxavil)

machine for spinning flax, See also:

• GIRARD, JEAN BAPTISTE [known as " Le Pere Girard " or" Le Pere Gregoire "] (1765-185o)
• GIRARD, PHILIPPE HENRI DE (1775-1845)
• GIRARD, STEPHEN (1750-1831)

Girard succeeded in producing what was required . But he never received the promised reward, although in 1853, after his See also:

• DEATH

death, a comparatively small See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension was voted to his heirs, and having relied on the "See also:

• MONEY

money to pay the expenses of his invention he got into serious See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial difficulties . He was obliged, in 1815, to abandon the flax See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills he had established in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, and at the invitation of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria founded a flax See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

mill and a factory for his See also:

• MACHINES

machines at Hirtenberg . In 1825, at the invitation of the emperor See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander I. of See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, he went to See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland, and erected near See also:

• WARSAW
• WARSAW (Polish Warszawa, Ger. Warschau, Fr. Varsovie)

Warsaw a flax manufactory, See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round which See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew up a See also:

• VILLAGE

village which received the name of Girardow . In 1818 he built a steamer to run on the See also:

• DANUBE (Ger. Donau, Hungarian Duna, Rumanian Dunarea, Lat. Danubius or Danuvius, and in the lower part of its course Ister)

Danube . He did not return to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris till 1844, where he still found some of his old creditors ready to See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press their claims, and he died in that See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city on the 26th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1845 . He was also the author of numerous See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor inventions .