See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM See also:

• EWART, WILLIAM (1798-1869)

EWART See also:

• GLADSTONE
• GLADSTONE, JOHN HALL (1827-1902)
• WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE (1809–1898)

GLADSTONE (1809–1898)  , See also:

• BRITISH

British statesman, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 29th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1809 at No . 62 See also:

• RODNEY, GEORGE BRYDGES RODNEY, BARON (1718—1792)

Rodney See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street, See also:

• LIVERPOOL
• LIVERPOOL, EARLS
• LIVERPOOL, EARLS OF

Liverpool . His forefathers were Gledstanes of Gledstanes, in the upper See also:

• WARD
• WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
• WARD, ARTEMUS
• WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
• WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
• WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
• WARD, JAMES (1843– )
• WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
• WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
• WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
• WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
• WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)

ward of See also:

• LANARKSHIRE

Lanarkshire; or in Scottish phrase, Gledstanes of that Ilk . As years went on their estates dwindled, and by the beginning of the 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century Gledstanes was sold . The adjacent See also:

• PROPERTY

property of Arthurshiel remained in the hands of the See also:

• FAMILY

family for nearly a See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred years longer . Then the son of the last Gledstanes of Arthurshiel removed to See also:

• BIGGAR

Biggar, where he opened the business of a maltster . His See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson, See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• GLADSTONE
• GLADSTONE, JOHN HALL (1827-1902)
• GLADSTONE, WILLIAM EWART (1809–1898)

Gladstone (for so the name was modified), became a See also:

• CORN (a common Teutonic word; cf. Lat. granum, seed, grain)
• CORN (fromm Lat. corms, horn)

corn-See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant at See also:

• LEITH

Leith . He happened to send his eldest son, See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John, to Liverpool to sell a See also:

• CARGO (Span. for " loading," from Lat. carries, car)

cargo of See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain there, and the See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy and aptitude of the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man attracted the favourable See also:

• NOTICE

notice of a leading corn-merchant of Liverpool, who recommended him to See also:

• SETTLE
• SETTLE, ELKANAH (1648–1724)

settle in that See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city . Beginning his commercial career as a clerk in his See also:

• PATRON

patron's See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, John Gladstone lived to become one of the merchant-princes of Liverpool, a See also:

• BARONET

baronet and a member of See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament . He died in 1851 at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of eighty-seven . See also:

• SIR

Sir John Gladstone was a pure Scotsman, a Lowlander by See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth and descent . He married See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne, daughter of See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew See also:

• ROBERTSON, FREDERICK WILLIAM (1816-1853)
• ROBERTSON, GEORGE CROOM (1842-1892)
• ROBERTSON, JOSEPH (1810-1866)
• ROBERTSON, THOMAS WILLIAM (1829-1871)
• ROBERTSON, WILLIAM BRUCE (182o-1886)

Robertson of See also:

• STORNOWAY (Norse, Sljarna vagr, " Stjarna's Bay ")

Stornoway, sometime See also:

• PROVOST (through O. Fr. prevost, mod. prevot, Lat. praepositus, set over, from praeponere, to place in front)

provost of See also:

• DINGWALL

Dingwall .

Provost Robertson belonged to the See also:

• CLAN (Gaelic clann, O. Ir. cland, connected with Lat. planta, shoot or scion, the ancient Gaelic or Goidelic substituting k for p)

Clan Donachie, and by this See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage the robust and business-like qualities of the Lowlander were blended with the poetic See also:

• IMAGINATION

imagination, the sensibility and See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire of the Gael . John and Anne Gladstone had six See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children . The See also:

• FOURTH

fourth son, See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• EWART, WILLIAM (1798-1869)

Ewart, was named after a merchant of Liverpool who was his See also:

• FATHER

father's friend . He seems to have been a remarkably See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child, and much beloved at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home. childhoodeduca and- In 1818 or 1819 Mrs Gladstone, who belonged to the tion . Evangelical school, said in a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter to a friend, that she believed her son William had been " truly converted to See also:

• GOD

God." After some tuition at the vicarage of See also:

• SEAFORTH, EARL OF

Seaforth, a watering-See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place near Liverpool, the boy went to See also:

• ETON

Eton in 1821 . His See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor was the Rev . See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry Hartopp Knapp . His See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers, Thomas and Robertson Gladstone, were already at Eton, Thomas was in the fifth See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form, and William, who was placed in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle remove of the fourth form, became his eldest See also:

• BROTHER

brother's See also:

• FAG

fag . He worked hard at his classical lessons, and supplemented the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary business of the school by studying See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics in the holidays . Mr See also:

• HAWTREY, CHARLES HENRY (1858— )
• HAWTREY, EDWARD CRAVEN (1789-1862)

Hawtrey, afterwards headmaster, commended a copy of his Latin verses, and " sent him up for good "; and this experience first led the young student to See also:

• ASSOCIATE (Lat. associates, from ad, to, and sociare to join)

associate intellectual See also:

• WORK

work with the ideas of ambition and success . He was not a See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar, in that restricted sense of the See also:

• TERM

term which implies a See also:

• SPECIAL

special aptitude for turning See also:

• ENGLISH

English into See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek and Latin, or for See also:

• ORIGINAL

original versification in the classical See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages . " His See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition," we read, " was stiff," but he was imbued with the substance of his authors; and a contemporary who was in the See also:

• SIXTH

sixth form with him recorded that " when there were thrilling passages of See also:

• VIRGIL (PUBLIUS VERGILIUS MARC)
• VIRGIL, POLYDORE (c. 1470-1555)

Virgil or See also:

• HOMER, WINSLOW (1836-191o)

Homer, or difficult passages in the Scriptores Greed, to translate, he or See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

Arthur See also:

• HERVEY, JAMES (1714–1758)

Hervey was generally called up to edify the class with See also:

• QUOTATION

quotation or See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation." By See also:

• COMMON

common consent he was pre-eminently God-fearing, orderly and conscientious .

" At Eton," said See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton of See also:

• SALISBURY
• SALISBURY, EARLS OF
• SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNECECIL, 3RD MARQUESS OF (1830-1903)
• SALISBURY, ROBERT CECIL, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1565-1612)
• SALISBURY, THOMAS DE MONTACUTE, 4TH EARL OF (1388-1428)
• SALISBURY, WILLIAM LONGSWORD (or LONGESPEE), EARL OF (d. 1226)

Salisbury, " I was a thoroughly idle boy, but I was saved from some worse things by getting to know Gladstone." His most intimate friend was Arthur See also:

• HALLAM
• HALLAM, ROBERT (d. 1417)

Hallam, by universal See also:

• ACKNOWLEDGMENT (from the old acknow, a compound of on- and know, to know by the senses, which passed through the forms oknow, aknow and acknow; acknowledge is formed on analogy of " knowledge ")

acknowledgment the most remarkable Etonian of his See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day; but he was not 66 See also:

• GLADSHEIM (Old Norse Gladsheimr)

GLADSHEIM arrangement which may be advantageously followed with bulbous See also:

• PLANTS

plants generally . In hot summer See also:

• WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather they should have a good mulching of well-decayed manure, and, as soon as the See also:

• FLOWER (Lat. flos, floris; Fr. fleur)
• FLOWER, SIB

flower spikes are produced, liquid manure may occasionally be given them with See also:

• ADVANTAGE

advantage . The See also:

• GLADIOLUS

gladiolus is easily raised from seeds, which should be sown in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March or See also:

• APRIL

April in pots of See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich See also:

• SOIL

soil placed in slight See also:

• HEAT (0. E. haktu, which like " hot," Old Eng. hat, is from the Teutonic type haita, hit, to be hot; cf. Ger. hitze, heiss; Dutch, hitte, heet, &c.)

heat, the pots being kept near the See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass after they begin to grow, and the plants being gradually hardened to permit their being placed out-of-doors in a sheltered spot for the summer . See also:

• MODERN

Modern growers often grow the seeds in the open in April on a nicely prepared See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed in drills about 6 in. apart and z in. deep, covering them with finely sifted gritty See also:

• MOULD

mould . The See also:

• SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed bed is then pressed down evenly and firmly, watered occasionally and kept See also:

• FREE

free from weeds during the summer . In See also:

• OCTOBER

October they will have ripened off, and must be taken out of the soil, and stored in See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper bags in a dry See also:

• ROOM

room secure from See also:

• FROST (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch, vorst, Ger. Frost, from the common Teutonic verb meaning " to freeze," Dutch, vriezcn, Ger. frieren; the Indo-European root is seen in Lat. pruina, hoar-frost, cf. prurire, to itch, burn, pruna, burning coal, Sans
• FROST, WILLIAM EDWARD (1810–1877)

frost . They will have made little bulbs from the See also:

• SIZE

size of a See also:

• HAZEL (0. Eng. hresell; cf. Ger. Hasel, Swed. and Dan. Kassel, &c.,; Fr. noiselier, coudrier)

hazel See also:

• NUT
• NUT (0. Eng. knutu, cf. Dutch noot, Ger. Nuss; allied with Gael. cno; it is not of the same form as Lat. nux)

nut downwards, according to their vigour . In the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring they should be planted like the old bulbs, and the larger ones will flower during the See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season, while the smaller ones must be again harvested and planted out as before . The See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time occupied from the See also:

• SOWING (from "to sow," O. Eng. shwan, cf. Du. zaaijen, Ger. saen, &c.; the root is seen in Lat. severe, cf. "seed")

sowing of the seed until the plant attains its full strength is from three to four years . The approved sorts, which are identified by name, are multiplied by means of bulblets or offsets or " spawn," which form around the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal bulb or corm; but in this they vary greatly, some kinds furnishing abundant increase and soon becoming plentiful, while others persistently refuse to yield offsets . The stately See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit and rich glowing See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

colours of the modern gladioli render them exceedingly valuable as decorative plants during the See also:

• LATE

late summer months . They are, moreover, very desirable and useful See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers for cutting for the purpose of room decoration, for while the blossoms themselves last fresh for some days if cut either See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in the See also:

• MORNING

morning or late in the evening, the undeveloped buds open in See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession, if the stalks are kept in See also:

• WATER

water, so that a cut spike will go on blooming for some time .