See also:

• OWEN, JOHN (1616-1683)
• OWEN, JOHN [OVENUS Or AUDOENUS] (c. 1560-1622)
• OWEN, ROBERT (1771-1858)
• OWEN, SIR HUGH (1804-1881)
• OWEN, SIR RICHARD (1804–1892)

OWEN See also:

• OWEN GLENDOWER (c. 1359–1415)

GLENDOWER (c. 1359–1415)  , the last to claim the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales, more correctly described as Owain ab Gruffydd, See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord of Glyndyvrdwy in See also:

• MERIONETH (Welsh, Meirionydd)

Merioneth, was a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• FAMILY

family, with two See also:

• GREAT

great houses, Sycharth and Glyndyvrdwy in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north, besides smaller estates in See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south Wales . His See also:

• FATHER

father was called Gruffydd Vychan, and his See also:

• MOTHER

mother See also:

• HELEN

Helen; on both sides he had pretensions to be descended from the old Welsh princes . See also:

• OWEN, JOHN (1616-1683)
• OWEN, JOHN [OVENUS Or AUDOENUS] (c. 1560-1622)
• OWEN, ROBERT (1771-1858)
• OWEN, SIR HUGH (1804-1881)
• OWEN, SIR RICHARD (1804–1892)

Owen was probably See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born about 1359, studied See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law at See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster, was See also:

• SQUIRE

squire to the See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• ARUNDEL
• ARUNDEL, EARLDOM OF
• ARUNDEL, EARLS OF
• ARUNDEL, THOMAS (1353-1414)

Arundel, and a See also:

• WITNESS
• WITNESS (from O. Eng. witan, to know)

witness for Grosvenor in the famous See also:

• SCROPE
• SCROPE, GEORGE JULIUS POULETT (1797—1876)

Scrope and Grosvenor lawsuit in 1386 . Afterwards he was in the service of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry of See also:

• BOLINGBROKE, HENRY ST JOHN, VISCOUNT (1678-1751)

Bolingbroke, the future See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, though by an See also:

• ERROR (Lat. error, from errare, to wander, to err)

error it has been commonly stated that he was squire to See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard II . Welsh sympathies were, however, on Richard's See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, and combined with a See also:

• PERSONAL

personal See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel to make Owen the See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of a See also:

• NATIONAL

national revolt . The lords of Glyndyvrdwy had an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• FEUD

feud with their See also:

• ENGLISH

English neighbours, the Greys of See also:

• RUTHIN (Rhudd ddin, " red fortress ")

Ruthin . Reginald See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

Grey neglected to summon Owen, as was his See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty, for the Scottish expedition of 1400, and then charged him with See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason for failing to appear . Owen thereupon took up arms, and when Henry IV. returned from See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September he found north Wales ablaze . A hurried See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign under the king's personal command was ineffectual . Owen's estates were declared forfeit and vigorous See also:

• MEASURES

measures threatened by the English See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . Still the revolt gathered strength . In the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of 1401 Owen was raiding in south Wales, and credited with the intention of invading See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England .

A second campaign by the king in the autumn was defeated, like that of the previous See also:

• YEAR

year, through See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad See also:

• WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather and the See also:

• FABIAN [FABIANUS], SAINT (d. 250)

Fabian See also:

• TACTICS (Gr. TaeTOc*, sc. TEXvnI, from TavQecv, to arrange in order of battle)

tactics of the Welsh . Owen had already been intriguing with Henry See also:

• PERCY (FAMILY)
• PERCY, SIR HENRY
• PERCY, THOMAS (1729-1811)
• PERCY, THOMAS (c. 156o-16os)

Percy (Hotspur), who during 1401 held command in north Wales, and with Percy's See also:

• BROTHER

brother-in-law, See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• EDMUND
• EDMUND, or EADMUND (c. 980-1016)
• EDMUND, SAINT [EDMUND RICE] (d. 1240)

Edmund See also:

• MORTIMER (Family)

Mortimer . During the See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter of 1401–1402 his plans were further extended to negotiations with the See also:

• REBEL, JOHANN PETER (176o-1826)

rebel Irish, the Scots and the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French . In the spring he had grown so strong that he attacked Ruthin, and took Grey prisoner . In the summer he defeated the men of See also:

• HEREFORD

Hereford under Edmund Mortimer at Pilleth, near Brynglas, in See also:

• RADNORSHIRE (Sir Faesyfed)

Radnorshire . Mortimer was taken prisoner and treated with such friendliness as to make the English doubt his See also:

• LOYALTY

loyalty; within a few months he married Owen's daughter . In the autumn the English king was for the third See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time driven " bootless See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home and weather-beaten back." The few English strongholds See also:

• LEFT

left in Wales were now hard pressed, and Owen boasted that he would meet his enemy in the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field . Nevertheless, in May 1403 Henry of Mon-mouth was allowed to See also:

• SACK

sack Sycharth and Glyndyvrdwy unopposed . Owen had a greater See also:

• PLOT
• PLOT, ROBERT (164o-1696)

plot in See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand . The Percies were to rise in arms, and See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting Owen at See also:

• SHREWSBURY
• SHREWSBURY, CHARLES TALBOT, DUKE OF (166o-1718)
• SHREWSBURY, DUKE
• SHREWSBURY, EARLS OF
• SHREWSBURY, ELIZABETH TALBOT, COUNTESS OF (1518–16o8)
• SHREWSBURY, JOHN TALBOT, 1ST EARL OF (d. 1453)

Shrewsbury, overwhelm the prince before help could arrive . But Owen's See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in the undertaking miscarried through his own defeat near See also:

• CARMARTHEN (Caerfyrddin)

Carmarthen on the 12th of See also:

• JULY

July, and Percy was crushed at Shrewsbury ten days later . Still the Welsh revolt was never so formidable .

Owen styled himself openly prince of Wales, established a See also:

• REGULAR

regular government, and called a See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament at Machynlleth . As a result of a formal See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance the French sent troops to his aid; and in the course of 1404 the great castles of See also:

• HARLECH (perhaps for Hardd lech, fair slate, or Harleigh, an Anglicized variant)

Harlech and Aberystwith See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into his hands . In the spring of 14o5 Owen was at the height of his See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power; but the See also:

• TIDE (O. Eng. lid, cf. Ger. Zeit, time or season, connected with root of Sanskrit a-diti, endless)

tide turned suddenly . Prince Henry defeated the Welsh at Grosmont in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March, and twice again in May, when Owen's son See also:

• GRIFFITH, SIR RICHARD JOHN (1784-1878)

Griffith and his See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor were made prisoners . Scrope's See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion in the North prevented the English from following up their success . The earl of See also:

• NORTHUMBERLAND
• NORTHUMBERLAND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• NORTHUMBERLAND, JOHN DUDLEY, VISCOUNT LISLE, EARL OF WARWICK
• NORTHUMBERLAND, JOHN NEVILLE, EARL OF (c. 1430-1471)

Northumberland took See also:

• REFUGE

refuge in Wales, and the tripartite alliance of Owen with Percy and Mortimer (transferred by See also:

• SHAKESPEARE, WILLIAM (1564-1616)

Shakespeare to an earlier occasion) threatened a renewal of danger . But Northumberland's plots and the active help of the French proved ineffective . The English under Prince Henry gained ground steadily, and the recovery of Aberystwith, after a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege, in the autumn of 1408 marked the end of serious warfare . In See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1409 Harlech was also recaptured, and Owen's wife, daughter and grandchildren were taken prisoners . Owen himself still held out and even continued to intrigue with the French . In July 1415 See also:

• GILBERT
• GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
• GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
• GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
• GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
• GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
• GILBERT, J
• GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
• GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
• GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
• GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
• GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
• GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )

Gilbert See also:

• TALBOT (FAMILY)
• TALBOT, MARY ANNE (1778-1808)
• TALBOT, WILLIAM HENRY FOX (1800–1877)

Talbot had power to treat with Owen and his supporters and admit them to See also:

• PARDON (through the Fr. from Late Lat. perdonare, to remit a debt or other obligation on a penalty)

pardon . Owen's name does not occur in the document renewing Talbot's See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers in February 1416; according to See also:

• ADAM
• ADAM (or ADAN) DE LE HALE (died c. 1288)
• ADAM, ALEXANDER (1741–1809)
• ADAM, JULIETTE (1836– )
• ADAM, LAMBERT SIGISBERT (1700-1759)
• ADAM, MELCHIOR (d. 1622)
• ADAM, PAUL (1862– )
• ADAM, ROBERT (1728—1792)
• ADAM, SIR FREDERICK (1781-1853)
• ADAM, WILLIAM (1751-1839)

Adam of See also:

• USK
• USK, THOMAS (d. 1388)

Usk he died in 1415 .

Later English writers allege that he died of See also:

• STARVATION

starvation in the mountains; but Welsh See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend represents him as spending a peaceful old See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age with his sons-in-law at Ewyas and Monington in See also:

• HEREFORDSHIRE

Herefordshire, till his See also:

• DEATH

death and See also:

• BURIAL

burial at the latter See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place . The See also:

• DREAM (from a root dreug, connected with Germ. trugen, to deceive)

dream of an independent and See also:

• UNITED

united Wales was never nearer realization than under Owen's leadership . The disturbed See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of England helped him, but he was indeed a remarkable See also:

• PERSONALITY (from Lat. persona, originally an actor's mask, from personare,1 to sound through)

personality, and has not undeservedly become a national See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero . Sentiment and tradition have magnified his achievements, and confused his career with tales of portents and magical powers . Owen left many See also:

• BASTARD (O. Fr. bastard, mod. bdtard = fits de bast, "pack-saddle child," from bast, saddle)

bastard See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children; his legitimate representative in 1433 was his daughter Alice, wife of Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Scudamore of Ewyas . The facts of Owen's See also:

• LIFE

life must be pieced together from scattered references in contemporary See also:

• CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF

chronicles and documents; perhaps the most important are Adam of Usk's See also:

• CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

Chronicle and See also:

• ELLIS (originally SHARPE), ALEXANDER JOHN (1814-189o)
• ELLIS, GEORGE (1753-1815)
• ELLIS, ROBINSON (1834- )
• ELLIS, SIR HENRY (1777-1869)
• ELLIS, WILLIAM (1794 – 1872)

Ellis's See also:

• ORIGINAL

Original Letters . On the Welsh side something is given by the bards Iolo See also:

• GOCH

Goch and See also:

• LEWIS, HENRY CARVILL
• LEWIS, JOHN FREDERICK (180 1876)
• LEWIS, MATTHEW GREGORY (1775-1818)
• LEWIS, MERIWETHER (1774-1809)
• LEWIS, SIR GEORGE CORNEWALL, BART

Lewis Glyn Cothi . For See also:

• MODERN

modern accounts consult J . H . See also:

• WYLIE, ALEXANDER (1815-1887)
• WYLIE, ROBERT (1839—1877)

Wylie's See also:

• HISTORY

History of England under Henry IV . (4 vols., 1884–1898); A . C .

See also:

• BRADLEY, GEORGE GRANVILLE (1821–1903)
• BRADLEY, JAMES (1693–1762)

Bradley's popular See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography ; and See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor Tout's See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article in the See also:

• DICTIONARY

Dictionary of National Biography .. (C . L .