See also:

• EARL

EARL OF See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

ROBERT See also:

• GLOUCESTER
• GLOUCESTER (abbreviated as pronounced Glo'ster)
• GLOUCESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• GLOUCESTER, GILBERT DE CLARE, EARL OF (1243-1295)
• GLOUCESTER, RICHARD DE CLARE, EARL OF (1222-1262)
• EARL OF ROBERT GLOUCESTER (d. 1147)
• GLOUCESTER, THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, DUKE

GLOUCESTER (d. 1147)  , was a natural son of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry I. of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . He was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born, before his See also:

• FATHER

father's See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession, at See also:

• CAEN

Caen in See also:

• NORMANDY

Normandy; but the exact date of his See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth, and his See also:

• MOTHER

mother's name are unknown . He received from his father the See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand of a wealthy heiress, Mabel of See also:

• GLOUCESTER
• GLOUCESTER (abbreviated as pronounced Glo'ster)
• GLOUCESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• GLOUCESTER, GILBERT DE CLARE, EARL OF (1243-1295)
• GLOUCESTER, RICHARD DE CLARE, EARL OF (1222-1262)
• GLOUCESTER, ROBERT, EARL OF (d. 1147)
• GLOUCESTER, THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, DUKE

Gloucester, daughter of See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert Fitz See also:

• HAMON, JEAN LOUIS (1821–1874)

Hamon, and with her the lordships of Gloucester and Glamorgan . About 1121 the earldom of Gloucester was created for his benefit . His See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank and territorial See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence made him the natural See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of the western baronage . Hence, at his father's See also:

• DEATH

death, he was sedulously courted by the See also:

• RIVAL

rival parties of his See also:

• HALF

half-See also:

• SISTER

sister the empress See also:

• MATILDA (1046-1115)
• MATILDA (1102-1164)

Matilda and of See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen . After some hesitation he declared for the latter, but tendered his See also:

• HOMAGE (from homo, through the Low Lat. hominaticum, which occurs in a document of 1035)

homage upon strict conditions, the See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach of which should be held to invalidate the See also:

• CONTRACT
• CONTRACT (Lat. contract us, from contrahere, to draw together, to bind)

contract . Robert afterwards alleged that he had merely feigned submission to Stephen with the See also:

• OBJECT

object of secretly furthering his half-sister's cause among the See also:

• ENGLISH

English barons . The truth appears to be that he was mortified at finding himself excluded from the inner See also:

• COUNCILS

councils of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, and so resolved to sell his services elsewhere . Robert See also:

• LEFT

left England for Normandy in 1137, renewed his relations with the Angevin party, and in 1138 sent a formal See also:

• DEFIANCE

defiance to the king . Returning to England in the following See also:

• YEAR

year, he raised the See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard of See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion in his own earldom with such success that the greater See also:

• PART

part of western England and the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south Welsh See also:

• MARCHES, THE (It. Le Marche)

marches were soon in the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the empress . By the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln (Feb .

2, 1141), in which Stephen was taken prisoner, the See also:

• EARL

earl made See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good Matilda's claim to the whole See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom . He accompanied her triumphal progress to See also:

• WINCHESTER
• WINCHESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Winchester and See also:

• LONDON

London; but was unable to moderate the arrogance of her behaviour . Consequently she was soon expelled from London and deserted by the See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop Henry of Winchester who, as See also:

• LEGATE (Lat. legatus, past part. of legare, to send as deputy)
• LEGATE, BARTHOLOMEW (c. 1575-1612)

legate, controlled the policy of the English See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church . With Matilda the earl besieged the legate at Winchester, but was forced by the royalists to See also:

• BEAT (a word common in various forms to the Teutonic languages; it is connected with the similar Romanic words derived from the Late Lat. battere)

beat a hasty See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat, and in covering Matilda's See also:

• FLIGHT

flight See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into the hands of the pursuers . So See also:

• GREAT

great was his importance that his party See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased his freedom by the See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release of Stephen . The earl renewed the struggle for the See also:

• CROWN

crown and continued it until his death (Oct . 31, 1147); but the See also:

• PERSONAL

personal unpopularity of Matilda, and the estrangement of the Church from her cause, made his efforts unavailing . His See also:

• LOYALTY

loyalty to a lost cause must be allowed to weigh in the See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale against his earlier See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double-dealing: But he hardly deserves the extravagant praise which is lavished upon' him by See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William of See also:

• MALMESBURY
• MALMESBURY, JAMES HARRIS, IST EARL OF (1746-1820)
• MALMESBURY, JAMES HOWARD HARRIS, 3RD EARL OF (1807-1889)

Malmesbury . The sympathies of the chronicler are too obviously influenced by the earl's munificence towards See also:

• LITERARY

literary men . See the Historia novella by William of Malmesbury (Rolls edition) ; the Historic Anglorum by Henry of See also:

• HUNTINGDON
• HUNTINGDON, EARLS OF
• HUNTINGDON, SELINA HASTINGS, COUNTESS OF (1707—1791)

Huntingdon (Rolls edition) ; J . H . See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

Round's See also:

• GEOFFREY
• GEOFFREY (1158-1186)
• GEOFFREY (c. I152-1212)

Geoffrey de See also:

• MANDEVILLE, BERNARD DE (1670-1733)
• MANDEVILLE, GEOFFREY DE (d. 1144)

Mandeville (1892); and O .

Rossler's Kaiserin Mathilde (See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1897) . (H . W; C .