GMELIN  , the name of several distinguished See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German scientists, of a See also:

• TUBINGEN

Tubingen See also:

• FAMILY

family . Johann Georg Gmelin (1674—1728), an See also:

• APOTHECARY (from the Lat. apothecarius, a keeper of an apotheca, Gr. aroth is , a store)

apothecary in Tubingen, and an accomplished chemist for the times in which he lived, had three sons . The first, Johann See also:

• CONRAD (d. 955)
• CONRAD, JOSEPH (1856– )
• CONRAD, or KONRAD (M. H. Ger. Kuonrdl, i.e. " keen in counsel," Lat. Conradus, It. Corrado, cf. the A.S. Ccenred)

Conrad (17o2—1759), was an apothecary and surgeon in Tubingen . The second, Johann Georg (1709—1955), was appointed See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry and natural See also:

• HISTORY

history in St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg in 1731, and from 1733 to 1743 was engaged in travelling through See also:

• SIBERIA

Siberia . The fruits of his See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey were See also:

• FLORA

Flora Sibirica (4 vols., 1749—1750) and Reisen durch Sibirien (4 vols., 1753) . He ended his days as professor of See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine at Tubingen, a See also:

• POST

post to which he was appointed in 1749 . The third son, Philipp See also:

• FRIEDRICH, JOHANN (1836— )

Friedrich (1721—1768), was extraordinary professor of medicine at Tubingen in 1750, and in 1755 became See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary professor of See also:

• BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

botany and chemistry . In the second See also:

• GENERATION (from Lat. generare, to beget, procreate; genus, stock, race)

generation See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel Gottlieb (1743—1794), the son of Johann Conrad, was appointed professor of natural history at St Petersburg in 1766, and in the following See also:

• YEAR

year started on a journey through See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia and the regions See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the See also:

• CASPIAN

Caspian See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea . On his way back he was captured by Usmey See also:

• KHAN (from the Turki, hence Persian and Arabic Khan)

Khan, of the Kaitak tribe, and died from the See also:

• ILL

ill-treatment he suffered, on the 27th of See also:

• JULY

July 1774 . One of his nephews, See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand Gottlob von Gmelin (1782—1848), became professor of medicine and natural history at Tubingen in 18o5, and another, See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian Gottlob (1792—1860), who in 1828 was one of the first to devise a See also:

• PROCESS

process for the artificial manufacture of ultra-marine, was professor of chemistry and See also:

• PHARMACY

pharmacy in the same university . In the youngest See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the family, Philipp Friedrich had a son, Johann Friedrich (1748—1804), who was appointed professor of medicine in Tubingen in 1772, and in 1775 accepted the See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of medicine and chemistry at See also:

• GOTTINGEN

Gottingen . In 1788 he published the 13th edition of See also:

• LINNAEUS

Linnaeus' Systema Naturae with many additions and alterations .

His son See also:

• LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

Leopold (1788—1853), was the best-known member of the family . He studied medicine and chemistry at Gottingen, Tubingen and See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, and in 1813 began to lecture on chemistry at See also:

• HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg, where in 1814 he was appointed extraordinary, and in 1817 ordinary, professor of chemistry and medicine . He was the discoverer of See also:

• POTASSIUM [symbol K (from kalium), atomic weight 39.114 0=16)]

potassium ferricyanide (1822), and wrote the Handbuch der Chemie (1st ed . 1817—1819, 4th ed . 1843—1$55), an important See also:

• WORK

work in its See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, which was translated into See also:

• ENGLISH

English for the See also:

• CAVENDISH
• CAVENDISH, GEORGE (1500-1562?)
• CAVENDISH, HENRY (1731-1810)
• CAVENDISH, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1505-1557)

Cavendish Society by H . See also:

• WATTS, ALARIC ALEXANDER (1797-1864)
• WATTS, GEORGE FREDERICK (1817-1904)
• WATTS, ISAAC (1674-1748)

Watts (1815—1884) in 1848—18S9 . He resigned his chair in 1852, and died on the 13th of See also:

• APRIL

April in the following year at Heidelberg .