GOES  , a

town in the province of Zeeland, Holland, on the island of South Beveland, 112 m. by rail E. of Middelburg . Pop . (Igoo) 6919 . It is connected by a short canal with the East Scheldt, and has a good harbour (1819) defended by a fort . The principal buildings are the interesting Gothic church (1423) and the picturesque old town hall (restored 1771) . There are various educational and charitable institutions . Goes has preserved for centuries its prosperous position as the market-town of the island . The chief industries are boat-building, brewing, book-binding and cigar-making . The town had its origin in the castle of Oostende, built here by the noble' family of Borssele . It received a charter early in the 15th century from the countess Jacoba of Holland, who frequently stayed at the castle . the miseries as well as relate the glories of the period, and so to offend some of the most powerful families . Goes had already written a Chronicle of Prince John (afterwards John II.), and when, after more than eight years' labour, he produced the First Part of his Chronicle of King Manoel (1566), a chorus of attacks greeted it, the edition was destroyed, and he was compelled to issue a revised version .

He brought out the three other parts in 1566-1567, though chapters 23 to 27 of the Third Part were so mutilated by the censorship that the printed

text differs largely from the MS . Hitherto Goes, notwithstanding his Liberal-ism, had escaped the Inquisition, though in 1540 his Fides, religio, moresque Aethiopum had been prohibited by the chief inquisitor, Cardinal D . Henrique; but the denunciation of Father Rodriguez in 1545, which had been vainly renewed in 1550, was now brought into action, and in 1571 he was arrested to stand his trial . There seems to be no doubt that the Inquisition made itself on this occasion, as on others, the instrument of private enmity; for eighteen months Goes lay ill in prison, and then he was condemned, though he had lived for thirty years as a faithful Catholic, and the worst that could be proved against him was that in his youth he had spoken against Indulgences, disbelieved in auricular confession, and consorted with heretics . He was sentenced to a term of reclusion, and his property was confiscated to the crown . After he had abjured his errors in private, he was sent at the end of 1572 to do penance at the monastery of Batalha . Later he was allowed to return home to Alemquer, where he died on the 3oth of January 1 574 . He was buried in the church of Nossa Senhora da Varzea . Damiao de Goes was a man of wide culture and genial and courtly manners, a skilled musician and a good linguist . He wrote both Portuguese and Latin with classic strength and simplicity, and his style is free from affectation and rhetorical ornaments . His portrait by Albrecht Diirer shows an open, intelligent face, and the record of his life proves him to have been upright and. fearless . His prosperity doubtless excited ill-will, but above all, his ideas, advanced for Portugal, his foreign ways, outspokenness and honesty contributed to the tragedy of his end, at a time when the forces of ignorant reaction held the ascendant .

He had, it may be presumed, given some umbrage to the

court by condemning, in the Chronicle of King Manoel, the royal ingratitude to distinguished public servants, though he received a pension and other rewards for that work, and he had certainly offended the nobility by his administration of the archive office and by exposing false genealogical claims in his Nobiliario . He paid the penalty for telling the truth, as he knew it, in an age when an historian had to choose between flattery of the great and silence . The Chronicle of King Manoel was the first official history of a Portuguese reign to be written in a critical spirit, and Damiao de Goes has the honour of having been the first Portuguese royal chronicler to deserve the name of an historian . His Portuguese works include Chronica do felicissimo rei Dom Emanuel (parts i. and ii., Lisbon, 1566, parts iii. and iv., ib . 1567) . Other editions appeared in Lisbon in 1619 and 1749 and in Coimbra in 1790 . Chronica do principe Dom foam (Lisbon, 1558), with subsequent editions in 1567 and 1724 in Lisbon and in 1790 in Coimbra . Livro de Marco Tullio Ciceram chamado Catam Mayor (Venice, 1538) . This is a translation of Cicero's De senectute . His Latin works, published separately, comprise: (I) Legatio magni imperatoris Presbiteri Joannis, &c . (Antwerp, 1532) ; (2) Legatio Davidis Ethiopiae regis, &'c . (Bologna, 1533) ; (3) Commentarii rerum gestarum in India (Louvain, 1539) ; (4) Fides, religio, moresque Aethiopum (Louvain, 154o),incorporating Nos.(' ) and (2) ;(5)Hispania(Louvain, 1542); (6) Aliquot epistolae Sadoleti Bembi et aliorum clarissimorum virorum, d c .

(Louvain, 1544) ; (7)

Damiani a Goes equitis Lusitani aliquot opuscula (Louvain, 544) ; (8) Urbis Lovaniensis obsidia(Lisbon, 1546) ; (9) De hello Cambaico.ultimo (Louvain, 1549) ; (10) Urbis Olisiponensis descriptio (Evora, 1554) ; (i 1) Epistola ad Hieron_vmum Cardo-e sum (Lisbon, 1556) . Most of the above went through several editions, and many were afterwards included with new works in such collections as No . (7), and seven sets of Opuscula appeared, all incomplete . Nos . (3), (4) and (5) suffered mutilation in subsequent editions, at the hands of the censors, because they offended against religious orthodoxy or family pride .