See also:

• GOITRE (from Lat. guttur, the throat; synonyms, Bronchocele, Derbyshire Neck)

GOITRE (from See also:

• LAT

Lat. guttur, the See also:

• THROAT (O. Eng. protu, prote or }Prota, possibly from preotan, to press, whence threat, or, with loss of initial s, connected with strut, to swell)

throat; synonyms, Bronchocele, See also:

• DERBYSHIRE

Derbyshire See also:

• NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

Neck)  , a See also:

• TERM

term applied to a swelling in the front of the See also:

• NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

neck caused by enlargement of the See also:

• THYROID (Gr. Ovpoea3i'is, shield-shaped, from Ovpeos, a large oblong shield, shaped like a door, Obpa, and eiSos, form)

thyroid gland . This structure, which lies between the skin and the anterior syrface of the See also:

• WIND
• WIND (a common Teut. word, cognate with Skt. vats, Lat. ventus, cf. " weather," to be of course distinguished from to " wind," to coil or twist, O.Eng. windan, cf. "wander," "wend," &c.)

wind-See also:

• PIPE

pipe, and in See also:

• HEALTH

health is not large enough to give rise to any See also:

• EXTERNAL

external prominence (except in the pictures of certain artists), is liable to See also:

• VARIATIONS
• VARIATIONS, CALCULUS
• VARIATIONS, CALCULUS OF

variations in See also:

• SIZE

size, more especially in See also:

• FEMALES

females, a temporary enlargement of the gland being not uncommon at the catamenial periods, as well as during pregnancy . In See also:

• GOITRE (from Lat. guttur, the throat; synonyms, Bronchocele, Derbyshire Neck)

goitre the swelling is conspicuous and is not only unsightly but may occasion much discomfort from its pressure upon the See also:

• WINDPIPE

windpipe and other important parts of the neck . J . L . Alibert recorded cases of goitre where the See also:

• TUMOUR (Lat. tumor, a swelling)

tumour hung down over the See also:

• BREAST (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. the Ger. Brust, possibly connected with an O. Sax. brustian, to bud)

breast, or reached as See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low as the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the thigh . Goitre usually appears in See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• LIFE

life, often from the eighth to the twelfth See also:

• YEAR

year; its growth is at first slow, but after several years of See also:

• COMPARATIVE

comparative quiescence a sudden increase is See also:

• APT

apt to occur . In the earlier stages the See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of the gland is simply an enlargement of its constituent parts, which retain their normal soft consistence; but in the course of See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time other changes supervene, and it may become cystic, or acquire hardness from increase of fibrous See also:

• TISSUE (Fr. tissu, tissue, participle of tisser, Lat. texere, to weave)

tissue or from calcareous deposits . Occasionally the enlargement is See also:

• UNIFORM

uniform, but more commonly one of the lobes, generally the right, is the larger . In rare instances the disease is limited to the See also:

• ISTHMUS (Gr.io0pbs, neck)

isthmus which connects the two lobes of the gland . The growth is unattended with See also:

• PAIN (from Lat. poena, Gr. robin, penalty, that which must be paid: O. Fr. peine)
• PAIN, BARRY (1867– )

pain, and is not inconsistent with See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good health . Goitre is a marked example of an endemic disease .

There are few parts of the See also:

• WORLD

world where it is not found prevailing in certain localities, these being for the most See also:

• PART

part valleys and elevated plains in mountainous districts(see See also:

• CRETINISM

CRETINISM) . The malady is generally ascribed to the use of drinking See also:

• WATER

water impregnated with the salts of See also:

• LIME
• LIME (O. Eng. lim, Lat. limes, mud, from linere, to smear)

lime and See also:

• MAGNESIA

magnesia, in which ingredients the water of goitrous districts abounds . But in localities not far removed from those in which goitre prevails, and where the water is of the same chemical See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition, the disease may be entirely unknown . The disease may be the result of a See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination of causes, among which See also:

• LOCAL

local telluric or malarial influences concur with those of the drinking water . Goitre is sometimes cured by removal of the individual from the See also:

• DISTRICT

district where it prevails, and it is apt to be acquired by previously healthy persons who See also:

• SETTLE
• SETTLE, ELKANAH (1648–1724)

settle in goitrous localities; and it is only in such places that the disease exhibits hereditary tendencies . In the early stages, See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change of See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air, especially to the seaside, is desirable, and small doses of See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron and of See also:

• IODINE (symbol I, atomic weight '26.92)

iodine should be given; if this fails small doses of thyroid See also:

• EXTRACT (from Lat. extrahere, to draw out)

extract should be tried . If palliative See also:

• MEASURES

measures prove unsuccessful, operation must be under-taken for the removal of one lateral See also:

• LOBE

lobe and the isthmus of the tumour . This may be done under See also:

• CHLOROFORM (trichlor-methane), CHC13

chloroform or after the sub-cutaneous injection of See also:

• COCAINE, C17H21NO4

cocaine . If chloroform is used, it must be given very sparingly, as the breathing is apt to become seriously embarrassed during the operation . After the successful performance of the operation See also:

• GREAT

great improvement takes See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, the remaining part of the gland slowly decreasing in size . The whole of the gland must not be removed during the operation, lest the See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange disease known as See also:

• MYXOEDEMA (or athyrea)

Myxoedema should be produced (see METABOLIC DISEASES) . In exophthalmic goitre the bronchocele is but one of three phenomena, which together constitute the disease, viz. palpitation of the See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart, elargement of the thyroid gland, and protrusion of the eyeballs .

This See also:

• GROUP

group of symptoms is known by the name of " See also:

• GRAVES, ALFRED PERCEVAL (1846— )

Graves's disease" or " Von See also:

• BASEDOW, JOHANN BERNHARD (1723-1790)

Basedow's disease "—the physicians by whom the malady was originally described . Although occasionally observed in men, this See also:

• AFFECTION (Lat. ad, and facere, to do something to, sc. a person)

affection occurs chiefly in females, and in comparatively early life . It is generally preceded by impoverishment of See also:

• BLOOD

blood, and by See also:

• NERVOUS

nervous or hysterical disorders, and it is occasionally seen in cases of organic heart disease . It has been suddenly See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed as the effect of fright or of violent emotion . The first symptom is usually the palpitation of the heart, which is aggravated by slight exertion, and may be so severe as not only to shake the whole See also:

• FRAME

frame but even to be audible at some distance . A throbbing is See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt throughout the See also:

• BODY

body, and many of the larger blood-vessels are, like the heart, seen to pulsate strongly . The enlargement of the thyroid is See also:

• GRADUAL (Med. Lat. gradualis, of or belonging to steps or degrees; gradus, step)

gradual, and rarely increases to any great size, thus differing from the commoner See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of goitre . The enlarged gland is of soft consistence, and .communicates a thrill to the See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch from its dilated and pulsating blood-vessels . Accompanying the goitr6 a remarkable change is observed in the eyes, which attract See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention by their prominence, and by the startled expression thus given to the countenance . In extreme cases the eyes protrude from their sockets to such a degree that the eyelids cannot be closed, and injury may thus arise to the constantly exposed eyeballs . Apart from such See also:

• RISK

risk, however, the See also:

• VISION (from Lat. videre, to see), or SIGHT

vision is rarely affected . It occasion-ally happens that in undoubted cases of the disease one or other ofthe three above-named phenomena is absent, generally either the goitre or the exophthalmos .

The palpitation of the heart is the most See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant symptom . Sleeplessness, irritability, disorders of digestion, See also:

• DIARRHOEA (from Gr. &Q, through, pfw, flow)

diarrhoea and uterine derangements, are frequent accompaniments . It is a serious disease and, if unchecked, may end fatally . Some cases are improved by See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general hygienic measures, others by electric treatment, or by the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal extracts or of sera . Some cases, on the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, may be considered suitable for operative treatment . (E .