See also:

• GOLDFISH (Cyprinus or Carassius auratus)

GOLDFISH (Cyprinus or Carassius auratus)  , a small See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish belonging to the Cyprinid See also:

• FAMILY

family, a native of See also:

• CHINA

China but natur- See also:

• TELESCOPE

Telescope-fish . alized in other countries . In the See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state its See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

colours do not differ from those of a Crucian See also:

• CARP

carp, and like that fish it is tenacious of See also:

• LIFE

life and easily domesticated . Albinos seem to be rather See also:

• COMMON

common; and as in other fishes (for instance, the See also:

• TENCH (Tina vulgaris)

tench, carp, See also:

• EEL

eel, See also:

• FLOUNDER

flounder), the See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour of most of these albinos is a See also:

• BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
• BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

bright See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

orange or See also:

• GOLDEN

golden yellow; occasionally even this shade of colour is lost, the fish being more or less pure See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white or silvery . The See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese have domesticated these albinos for a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, and by careful selection have succeeded in propagating all those See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange varieties, and even monstrosities, which appear in every domestic See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal . In some individuals the dorsal fin is only See also:

• HALF

half its normal length, in others entirely absent; in others the anal fin has a See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double spine; in others all the fins are of nearly double the usual length . The snout is frequently malformed, giving the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the fish an See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance similar to that of a See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

bull-See also:

• DOG

dog . The variety most highly prized has an extremely See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short snout, eyes which almost wholly project beyond the See also:

• ORBIT (from Lat. orbita, a track, orbis, a wheel)

orbit, no dorsal fin, and a very long three- or four-lobed caudal fin (Telescope-fish) . The domestication of the See also:

• GOLDFISH (Cyprinus or Carassius auratus)

goldfish by the Chinese See also:

• DATES

dates back from the highest antiquity, and they were introduced into See also:

• JAPAN

Japan at the beginning of the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century; but the date of their importation into See also:

• EUROPE

Europe is still uncertain . The See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German ichthyologist, M . E . See also:

• BLOCH, MARK ELIEZER (c. 1723–1799)

Bloch, thought he could trace it back in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England to the reign of See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James I., whilst other authors See also:

• FIX, THEODORE (180o-1846)

fix the date at 1691 .

It appears certain that they were brought to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, only much later, as a See also:

• PRESENT

present to Mme de See also:

• POMPADOUR, JEANNE ANTOINETTE POISSON LE NORMANT

Pompadour, although the de Goncourts, the historians of the mistresses of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XV., have failed to trace any records of this event . The fish has since spread over a considerable See also:

• PART

part of Europe, and in many places it has reverted to its wild See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition . In many parts of See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-eastern See also:

• ASIA

Asia, in See also:

• MAURITIUS

Mauritius, in See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North and South See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, in See also:

• MADAGASCAR

Madagascar, in the See also:

• AZORES (Acores), or WESTERN ISLANDS

Azores, it has become thoroughly acclimatized, and successfully competes with the indigenous fresh-See also:

• WATER

water fishes . It will not thrive in See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers; in large ponds it readily reverts to the coloration of the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original wild stock . It flourishes best in small tanks and ponds, in which the water is constantly changing and does not freeze; in such localities, and with a full See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply of See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food, which consists of weeds, crumbs of See also:

• BREAD

bread, See also:

• BRAN

bran, See also:

• WORMS

worms, small crustaceans and See also:

• INSECTS

insects, it attains to a length of from 6 to 12 in., breeding readily, sometimes at different times of the same See also:

• YEAR

year .