See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

COUNT FEDOR ALEKSYEEVICH See also:

• COUNT FEDOR ALEKSYEEVICH GOLOVIN (d. 1706)

GOLOVIN (d. 1706)  , See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian statesman, learnt, like so many of his countrymen in later times, the business of a ruler in the Far See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East . During the regency of See also:

• SOPHIA (1630-1714)

Sophia, See also:

• SISTER

sister of See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter the See also:

• GREAT

Great, he was sent to the See also:

• AMUR
• AMUR (known also as the Sakhalin-ula)

Amur to defend the new See also:

• MUSCOVITE

Muscovite fortress of Albazin against the See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese . In 1689 he concluded with the See also:

• CELESTIAL, OR STELLAR

Celestial See also:

• EMPIRE

empire the treaty of See also:

• NERCHINSK
• NERCHINSK (in full NERCHINSKIY ZAVOD)

Nerchinsk, by which the See also:

• LINE

line of the Amur, as far as its tributary the Gorbitsa, was retroceded to See also:

• CHINA

China because of the impossibility of seriously defending it . In Peter's See also:

• GRAND

grand See also:

• EMBASSY

embassy to the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West in 1697 See also:

• GOLOVIN, FEDOR ALEKSYEEVICH, COUNT (d. 1706)

Golovin occupied the second See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place immediately after Lefort . It was his See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty to hire See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign sailors and obtain everything necessary for the construction and See also:

• COMPLETE

complete equipment of a See also:

• FLEET

fleet . On Lefort's See also:

• DEATH

death, in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1699, he succeeded him as See also:

• ADMIRAL

admiral-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general . The same See also:

• YEAR

year he was created the first Russian See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count, and was also the first to be decorated with the newly-instituted Russian See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of St See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew . The conduct of foreign affairs was at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time entrusted to him, and from 1699 to his death he was "the premier See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of the See also:

• TSAR, or CZAR

tsar." Golovin's first achievement as foreign minister was to supplement the treaty of Carlowitz, by which See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace with See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey had only been secured for three years, by concluding with the See also:

• PORTE, THE SUBLIME (Arab. babi-'ali, the high gate, through the French translation la sublime porte)

Porte anew treaty at See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople (See also:

• JUNE

June 13, 1700), by which the See also:

• TERM

term of the peace was extended to See also:

• THIRTY

thirty years and,besides other concessions, the See also:

• AZOV
• AZOV, SEA OF

Azov See also:

• DISTRICT

district and a See also:

• STRIP

strip of territory extending thence to See also:

• KUBAN

Kuban were ceded to See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia . He also controlled, with consummate ability, the operations of the See also:

• BRAND, JOHN (1744-1806)
• BRAND, SIR JOHN HENRY (1823-1888)

brand-new Russian diplomatists at the various foreign courts . His superiority over all his Muscovite contemporaries was due to the fact that he was already a statesman, in the See also:

• MODERN

modern sense, while they were still learning the elements of statesmanship . His death was an irreparable loss to the tsar, who wrote upon the despatch announcing it, the words " Peter filled with grief." See R . N .

See also:

• BAIN, ALEXANDER (1818-1903)
• BAIN, ANDREW GEDDES (1797-1864)

Bain, The First Romanovs (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1905) . (R . N .