See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

COUNT AGENOR See also:

• COUNT AGENOR GOLUCHOWSKI (1849- )

GOLUCHOWSKI (1849- )  , See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian statesman, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 25th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1849 . His See also:

• FATHER

father, descended from an old and See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble See also:

• POLISH

Polish See also:

• FAMILY

family, was See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of See also:

• GALICIA (Ger. Galizien; Pol. Halicz)
• GALICIA (the ancient Gallaecia or Callaecia, KaMauci,a or KaXau da)

Galicia . Entering the See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic service, the son was in 1872 appointed attache to the Austrian See also:

• EMBASSY

embassy at See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, where he became secretary of See also:

• LEGATION (Lat. legalio, a sending or mission)

legation, and thence he was transferred to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris . After rising to the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of counsellor of legation, he was in 1887 made See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister at See also:

• BUCHAREST (Bucuresci)

Bucharest, where he remained till 1893 . In these positions he acquired a See also:

• GREAT

great reputation as a See also:

• FIRM

firm and skilful diplomatist, and on the retirement of See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count See also:

• KALNOKY, GUSTAV SIEGMUND, COUNT (1832–1898)

Kalnoky in May 1895 was chosen to succeed him as Austro-Hungarian minister for See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign affairs . The See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of a See also:

• POLE (FAMILY)
• POLE, REGINALD (1500-1558)
• POLE, RICHARD DE LA (d. 1525)
• POLE, WILLIAM (1814—1900)

Pole caused some surprise in view of the importance of Austrian relations with See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia(then rather strained) and See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, but the choice was justified by events . In his speech of that See also:

• YEAR

year to the delegations he declared the See also:

• MAINTENANCE (Fr. maintenance, from maintenir, to maintain, support, Lat. manu tenere, to hold in the hand)

maintenance of the Triple See also:

• ALLIANCE

Alliance, and in particular the closest intimacy with Germany, to be the See also:

• KEYSTONE

keystone of Austrian policy; at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he dwelt on the traditional friendship between See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria and Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, and expressed his See also:

• DESIRE

desire for a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good understanding with all the See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers . In pursuance of this policy he effected an under-See also:

• STANDING

standing with Russia, by which neither See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power was to exert any See also:

• SEPARATE

separate See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence in the See also:

• BALKAN

Balkan See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula, and thus removed a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long-standing cause of See also:

• FRICTION (from Lat. fricare, to rub)

friction . This understanding was formally ratified during a visit to St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg on which he accompanied the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor in See also:

• APRIL

April 1897 . He took the See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead in establishing the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• CONCERT (through the French from Lat. con-, with, and certare, to strive)

concert during the Armenian troubles of 1896, and again resisted isolated See also:

• ACTION

action on the See also:

• PART

part of any of the great powers during the Cretan troubles and the See also:

• GRECO, EL

Greco-See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War . In See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1897, when the Austro-Hungarian See also:

• FLAG (or " FLAGGE," a common Teutonic word in this sense, but apparently first recorded in English)

flag was insulted at See also:

• MERSINA

Mersina, he threatened to See also:

• BOMBARD (derived through Med. Lat. and Fr. forms from Gr. (3oµ(3eiv, to make a humming noise)

bombard the See also:

• TOWN

town if instant reparation were not made, and by his firm attitude greatly enhanced Austrian See also:

• PRESTIGE

prestige in the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East . In his speech to the delegations in 1898 he dwelt on the See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity of expanding Austria's See also:

• MERCANTILE (or COMMERCIAL) AGENCIES

mercantile marine, and of raising the See also:

• FLEET

fleet to a strength which, while not vying with the fleets of the great See also:

• NAVAL

naval powers, would ensure respect for the Austrian flag wherever her interests needed See also:

• PROTECTION

protection .

He also hinted at the necessity for European See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination to resist See also:

• AMERICAN

American competition . The understanding with Russia in the See also:

• MATTER

matter of the Balkan States temporarily endangered friendly relations with See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, who thought her interests threatened, until See also:

• GOLUCHOWSKI, AGENOR, COUNT (1849- )

Goluchowski guaranteed in 1898 the existing See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order . He further encouraged a good understanding with Italy by See also:

• PERSONAL

personal conferences with the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian foreign minister, Tittoni, in 1904 and 1905 . Count Lamsdorff visited See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1902, when arrangements were made for concerted action in imposing on the See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan reforms in the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of See also:

• MACEDONIA

Macedonia . Further steps were taken after Goluchowski's interview with the See also:

• TSAR, or CZAR

tsar at Miirzsteg in 1903, and two See also:

• CIVIL

civil agents representing the countries were appointed for two years to ensure the See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution of the promised reforms . This See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period was extended in 1905, when Goluchowski was the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief mover in forcing the See also:

• PORTE, THE SUBLIME (Arab. babi-'ali, the high gate, through the French translation la sublime porte)

Porte, by an See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

international naval demonstration at Mitylene, to accept See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control by the powers in Macedonia . At the See also:

• CONFERENCE

conference assembled at See also:

• ALGECIRAS, or ALGEZIRAS

Algeciras to See also:

• SETTLE
• SETTLE, ELKANAH (1648–1724)

settle the See also:

• MOROCCO

Morocco Question, Austria supported the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German position, and after the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the conferences the emperor See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William II. telegraphed to Goluchowski: " You have proved yourself a brilliant second on the duelling ground and you may feel certain of like services from me in similar circumstances." This See also:

• PLEDGE

pledge was redeemed in 1908, when Germany's support of Austria in the Balkan crisis proved conclusive . By the Hungarians, however, Goluchowski was hated; he was suspected of having inspired the emperor's opposition to the use of Magyar in the Hungarian See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, and was made responsible for the slight offered to the Magyar deputation by See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1905 . So long as he remained in See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office there was no See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope of arriving at a See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement of a matter which threatened the disruption of the Dual See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy, and_on the 11th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1906 he was forced to resign .