See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

GOOD See also:

• FRIDAY (A.S. frige-dreg, fr. frige, gen. of frigu, love, or the goddess of love—the Norse Frigg,—the dreg, day; cf. Icelandic frjddagr, O.H. Ger. friatag, frigatag, mod. Ger. Freitag)

FRIDAY (probably " See also:

• GOD

God's Friday ")  , the See also:

• ENGLISH

English name for the See also:

• FRIDAY (A.S. frige-dreg, fr. frige, gen. of frigu, love, or the goddess of love—the Norse Frigg,—the dreg, day; cf. Icelandic frjddagr, O.H. Ger. friatag, frigatag, mod. Ger. Freitag)

Friday before See also:

• EASTER

Easter, kept as the anniversary of the Crucifixion . In the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church it has been or is known as iraaxa [vravpcov~µov], srapaaKevr7, aapaaKevi7 ,ueyar7 or ayia, awrfp(a or ra awri7Pta, iaipa rob' aravpob', while among the Latins the names of most frequent occurrence are Pascha Crucis, See also:

• DIES, CHRISTOPH ALBERT (1755-1822)

Dies Dominicae Passionis, Parasceve, Feria Sexta Paschae, Feria Sexta See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

Major in Hierusalem, Dies Absolutionis . It was called See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

Long Friday by the Anglo-See also:

• SAXONS

Saxons' and Danes, possibly in allusion to the length of the services which marked the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day . In See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany it is sometimes designated Stiller Freitag (compare Greek, E/3So,uas aapaKror; Latin, hebdomas inqfficiosa, non laboriosa), but more commonly Charfreitag . The See also:

• ETYMOLOGY (Gr. grvµos, true, and X6yos, "account)

etymology of this last name has been much disputed, but there seems now to be little doubt that it is derived from the Old High See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German chara, meaning suffering or See also:

• MOURNING (from the verb " to mourn," to be sorrowful, 0. Eng. murnan; cf. O.H.G. mornen, Goth. maurnan, to be anxious, O.N. morna, to pine away; by some referred to root seen in Gr. jdptpva, sorrow, by others to root mer-, to die)

mourning . - - The origin of the See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom of a yearly See also:

• COMMEMORATION

commemoration of the Crucifixion is somewhat obscure . It may be regarded as certain that among Jewish Christians it almost imperceptibly See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew out of the old See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit of annually celebrating the See also:

• PASSOVER

Passover on the 14th of Nisan, and of observing the " days of unleavened See also:

• BREAD

bread " from the 15th to the 21st of that See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month . In the See also:

• GENTILE
• GENTILE, C

Gentile churches, on the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, it seems to be well established that originally ,no yearly See also:

• CYCLE
• CYCLE (Gr. KUK)^os, a circle)

cycle of festivals was known at all . (See EASTER.) From its earliest observance, the day was marked by a specially rigorous fast, and also, on the whole, by a tendency to greater simplicity in the services of the church . See also:

• PRIOR (from Lat. prior—former, and hence superior, through O. Fr. priour)
• PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721)

Prior to the 4th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century there is no See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence of non-celebration of the See also:

• EUCHARIST (Gr. evXapurria, thanksgiving)

eucharist on See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

Good Friday; but after that date the See also:

• PROHIBITION (Lat. prohibere, to prevent)

prohibition of communion 1 See See also:

• JOHNSON, ANDREW
• JOHNSON, ANDREW (1808–1875)
• JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (c. 1665-1742)
• JOHNSON, EASTMAN (1824–1906)
• JOHNSON, REVERDY (1796–1876)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD (1573–1659 ?)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1781–1850)
• JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1709-1784)
• JOHNSON, SIR THOMAS (1664-1729)
• JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)
• JOHNSON, THOMAS

Johnson's Collection of Ecclesiastical See also:

• LAWS

Laws (vol. i., See also:

• ANNO, or HANNO, SAINT (c. Toro—ro75)

anno 957) : " See also:

• HOUSEL

Housel ought not to be hallowed on Long Friday, because See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ suffered for us on that day." became See also:

• COMMON

common . In See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, indeed, it became customary to See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close the churches altogether as a sign of mourning; but this practice was condemned by the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• TOLEDO
• TOLEDO, COUNCILS OF (Concilia toletana)

Toledo (633) . In the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic Church the Good Friday See also:

• RITUAL (from Lat. ritus, a custom, especially a religious rite or custom)

ritual at See also:

• PRESENT

present observed is marked by many See also:

• SPECIAL

special features, most of which can be traced back to a date at least prior to the close of the 8th century (see the Ordo See also:

• ROMANUS

Romanus in See also:

• MURATORI

Muratori's Liturg .

Rom . See also:

• VET

Vet.) . The See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar and officiating See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy are draped in See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black, this being the only day on which that See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour is permitted . Instead of the See also:

• EPISTLE

epistle, sundry passages from See also:

• HOSEA

Hosea, See also:

• HABAKKUK

Habakkuk, See also:

• EXODUS, BOOK OF
• EXODUS, THE

Exodus and the See also:

• PSALMS, BOOK
• PSALMS, BOOK OF, or PSALTER

Psalms are read . The See also:

• GOSPEL (O. Eng. godspel, i.e. good news, a translation of Lat. bona annuntiatio, or evangelium, Gr. evayyeXwv; cf. Goth. iu spillon, " to announce good news," Ulfilas' translation of the Greek, from iu, that which is good, and spellon to announce)

gospel for the day consists of the See also:

• HISTORY

history of the See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

Passion as recorded by St See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John . This is often sung in See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain-chaunt by three priests, one representing the " narrator," the other two the various characters of the See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story . The singing of this is followed by bidding prayers for the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace and unity of the church, for the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope, the clergy, all ranks and conditions of men, the See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign, for catechumens, the sick and afflicted, heretics and schismatics, See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews and See also:

• HEATHEN

heathen . Then follows the " See also:

• ADORATION (Lat. ad, to, and os, mouth; i.e. " carrying to one's mouth ")

adoration of the See also:

• CROSS

cross " (a ceremony derived from the church of See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem and said to date back to near the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• HELENA
• HELENA, ST (c. 247-c. 327)

Helena's " invention of the cross ") ; the See also:

• HYMNS

hymns Pange lingua and Vexilla regis are sung, and then follows the " See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

Mass of the Presanctified." The name is derived from the fact that it is celebrated with elements consecrated the 'day before, the See also:

• LITURGY (Low Lat. liturgia; Gr. X€Zros, public, and Epyov, work; )Aetrovpy6s, a public servant)

liturgy being omitted on this day . The See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest merely places the See also:

• SACRAMENT

Sacrament on the altar, censes it, elevates and breaks the See also:

• HOST

host, and communicates, the prayers and responses interspersed being See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar to the day . This again is followed by See also:

• VESPERS (officium vespertinum)
• VESPERS, SICILIAN

vespers, with a special See also:

• ANTHEM

anthem; after which the altar is stripped in silence . In many Roman Catholic countries—in Spain, for example—it is usual for the faithful to spend much time in the churches in meditation on the " seven last words" of the Saviour; no carriages are driven through the streets; the bells and See also:

• ORGANS

organs are silent; and in every possible way it is sought to deepen the impression of a profound and universal grief . In the Greek Church also the Good Friday fast is excessively strict; as in the Roman Church, the Passion history is read and the cross adored; towards evening a dramatic See also:

• REPRESENTATION

representation of the entombment takes See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, amid open demonstrations of contempt for Judas and the Jews .

In Lutheran churches the See also:

• ORGAN

organ is silent on this day, and altar, See also:

• FONT (Lat. fans, " fountain " or " spring," Ital. fonte, Fr. les fonts)

font and See also:

• PULPIT (from Lat. pulpitum, a staging, platform: equivalents are Fr. chaire d'eglise, Ital. pulpito, Ger. Kanzel)

pulpit are draped in black, as indeed throughout See also:

• HOLY

Holy See also:

• WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

Week . In the Church of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England the history of the Passion from the gospel according to John is also read; the collects for the day are based upon the bidding prayers which are found in the Ordo Romanus . The " three See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours " service, borrowed from Roman Catholic usage and consisting of prayers, addresses on the " seven last words from the cross " and intervals for meditation and silent See also:

• PRAYER (from Lat. precari, entreat; Ital. pregaria, Fr. priere)
• PRAYER, BOOK OF COMMON

prayer, has become very popular in the See also:

• ANGLICAN

Anglican Church, and the observance of the day is more marked than formerly among See also:

• NONCONFORMIST

Nonconformist bodies, even in See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland .