See also:

• GORDIAN, or GORDIANUS

GORDIAN, or GORDIANUS  , the name of three See also:

• ROMAN

Roman emperors . The first, See also:

• MARCUS

Marcus See also:

• ANTONIUS

Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus See also:

• ROMANUS

Romanus See also:

• AFRICANUS, SEXTUS JULIUS

Africanus (A.D . 159-238), an extremely wealthy See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, was descended from the Gracchi and See also:

• TRAJAN [MARCUS ULPIUS TRAJANUS] (A. D. 53-117)

Trajan, while his wife was the See also:

• GREAT

great-granddaughter of See also:

• ANTONINUS, SAINT ANTONIO PIEROZZI

Antoninus See also:

• PIUS

Pius . While he gained unbounded popularity by his magnificent See also:

• GAMES, CLASSICAL

games and shows, his prudent and retired See also:

• LIFE

life did not excite the suspicion of CaracalIa, in whose See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour he wrote a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long epic called Antoninias . See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander See also:

• SEVERUS
• SEVERUS, SULPICIUS (c. 363–c. 425)

Severus called him to the dangerous honours of See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government in See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, and during his proconsulship occurred the usurpation of Maximin . The universal discontent roused by the oppressive See also:

• RULE

rule of Maximin culminated in a revolt in Africa in 238, and See also:

• GORDIAN, or GORDIANUS

Gordian reluctantly yielded to the popular clamour and assumed the See also:

• PURPLE

purple . His son, Marcus Antonius Gordianus (192-238), was associated with him in the dignity . The See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate confirmed the choice of the Africans, and most of the provinces gladly sided with the new, emperors; but, even while their cause was so successful abroad, they had fallen before the sudden inroad of Cappellianus, legatus of See also:

• NUMIDIA

Numidia and a supporter of Maximin . They had reigned only See also:

• THIRTY

thirty-six days . Both the Gordians had deserved by their amiable See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character their high reputation; they were men of great accomplishments, fond of literature, and voluminous authors; but they were rather intellectual voluptuaries than able statesmen or powerful rulers . Having embraced the cause of Gordian, the senate was obliged to continue the revolt against Maximin, and appointed Pupienus See also:

• MAXIMUS
• MAXIMUS, ST (c. 58o-662)

Maximus and Caelius Balbinus, two of its noblest and most esteemed members, as See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint emperors . At their inauguration a See also:

• SEDITION (Lat. se or sed, apart, and ire, to go, a going apart, dissension)

sedition arose, and the popular outcry for a Gordian was appeased by the association with them of M .

Antonius Gordianus Pius (224-244), See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of the See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder Gordian, then a boy of thirteen . Maximin forthwith invaded See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, but was murdered by his own troops while besieging See also:

• AQUILEIA

Aquileia, and a revolt of the praetorian See also:

• GUARDS, AND HOUSEHOLD TROOPS

guards, to which Pupienus and Balbinus See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell victims, See also:

• LEFT

left Gordian See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor . For some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he was under the See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of his See also:

• MOTHER

mother's eunuchs, till Timesitheus,l his See also:

• FATHER

father-in-See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law and See also:

• PRAEFECT (praefectus)

praefect of the praetorian guard, persuaded him to assert his See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence . When the Persians under See also:

• SHAPUR (Pahlavi, Shahpuhre, " son of the king "; Greek Sapores, commonly Sapor)

Shapur (Sapor) I. invaded See also:

• MESOPOTAMIA (Mevoaora)

Mesopotamia, the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young emperor opened the See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple of See also:

• JANUS

Janus for the last time recorded in See also:

• HISTORY

history, and marched in See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person to the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East . The Persians were driven back over the See also:

• EUPHRATES (Babylon. Purattu, Heb. Perath, Arab. Frdt or Furst, Old Pers. Ufratu, Gr. Eb4 parrls)

Euphrates and defeated in the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Resaena (243), and only the See also:

• DEATH

death of Timesitheus (under suspicious circumstances) prevented an advance into the enemy's territory . See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip the Arabian, who succeeded Timesitheus, stirred up discontent in the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, 'and Gordian was murdered by the mutinous soldiers in Mesopotamia . See lives of the Gordians by Capitolinus in the Scriptores historiae Augustae; Herodian vii. viii.; See also:

• ZOSIMUS

Zosimus i . 16, i8; See also:

• AMMIANUS, MARCELLINUS

Ammianus See also:

• MARCELLINUS, ST

Marcellinus. See also:

• XXIII

xxiii . 5; See also:

• EUTROPIUS

Eutropius ix . 2; Aurelius See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

Victor, Caesares, 27; See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article SHAPUR (I.); Pauly-Wissowa, Realencyclopadie, i . 2619 f . (von Rohden) .