JOHANN CHRISTOPH See also:

• JOHANN CHRISTOPH GOTTSCHED (1700-1766)

GOTTSCHED (1700-1766)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German author and critic, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 2nd of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1700, at Judithenkirch near See also:

• KONIGSBERG (Polish Krolewiec)

Konigsberg, the son of a Lutheran clergyman . He studied See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy and See also:

• HISTORY

history at the university of his native See also:

• TOWN

town, but immediately on taking the degree of Magister in 1723, fled to See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to evade See also:

• IMPRESSMENT

impressment in the Prussian military service . Here he enjoyed the See also:

• PROTECTION

protection of J . B . Mencke (1674-1732), who, under the name of " Philander von der Linde," was a well-known poet and also See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the Deutschiibende poetische Gesellschaft in Leipzig . Of this society Qottsched was elected " See also:

• SENIOR, NASSAU WILLIAM (1790-1864)

Senior" in 1726, and in the next See also:

• YEAR

year reorganized it under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of the Deutsche Gesellschaft . In 1730 he was appointed extraordinary See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• POETRY

poetry, and, in 1734, See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary professor of See also:

• LOGIC (Xoy1K7, sc. rixvrt, the art of reasoning)

logic and See also:

• METAPHYSICS
• METAPHYSICS, or METAPHYSIC (from Gr. /sera, after, d v med, things of nature, lots, i.e. the natural universe)

metaphysics in the university . He died at Leipzig on the 12th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1766 . See also:

• GOTTSCHED, JOHANN CHRISTOPH (1700-1766)

Gottsched's See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• WORK

work was his Versuch einer kritischen Dichtkunst See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die Deutschen (1730), the first systematic See also:

• TREATISE

treatise in German on the See also:

• ART

art of poetry from the standpoint of Boileau . His Ausfiihrliche Redekunst (1728) and his Grundlegung einer deutschen Sprachkunst (1748) were of importance for the development of German See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style and the See also:

• PURIFICATION

purification of the See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language . He wrote several plays, of which Der sterbende See also:

• CATO, DIONYSIUS
• CATO, MARCUS PORCIUS (234—149 B.c.)
• CATO, MARCUS PORCIUS (95-46 B.c.)
• CATO, PUBLIUS VALERIUS

Cato (1732), an See also:

• ADAPTATION (from Lat. adaptare. to fit to)

adaptation of See also:

• ADDISON, JOSEPH (1672-1719)

Addison's tragedy and a See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• PLAY

play on the same theme, was See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long popular on the See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage . In his Deutsche Schaubuhne (6 vols., 1740-1745), which contained mainly See also:

• TRANSLATIONS

translations from the French, he provided the German stage with a classical repertory, and his bibliography of the German See also:

• DRAMA (literally "action," from Gr. Snail, act or do)

drama, Notiger Vorrat zur Geschichte der deutschen dramatischen Dichtkunst (1757—1765), is still valuable .

He was also the editor of several See also:

• JOURNALS

journals devoted to See also:

• LITERARY

literary See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism . As a critic, Gottsched insisted on German literature being subordinated to the See also:

• LAWS

laws of French classicism; he enunciated rules by which the playwright must be See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound, and abolished bombast and buffoonery from the serious stage . While such reforms obviously afforded a healthy corrective to the extravagance and want of See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste which were rampant in the German literature of the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, Gottsched went too far . In 1740 he came into conflict with the Swiss writers Johann See also:

• JAKOB, LUDWIG HEINRICH VON (1759—1827)

Jakob See also:

• BODMER, JOHANN JAKOB (1698-1783)

Bodmer (q.v.) and Johann Jakob Breitinger (1701—1776), who, under the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of Addison and contemporary See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian critics, demanded that the poetic See also:

• IMAGINATION

imagination should not be hampered by artificial rules; they pointed to the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• ENGLISH

English poets, and especially to See also:

• MILTON
• MILTON, JOHN (1608–1674)

Milton . Gottsched, although not See also:

• BLIND, MATHILDE (1841—1896)

blind to the beauties of the English writers, clung the more tenaciously to his principle that poetry must be the product of rules, and, in the fierce controversy which for a time raged between Leipzig and See also:

• ZURICH
• ZURICH (Fr. Zurich; Ital. Zurigo)

Zurich, he was inevitably defeated . His influence speedily declined, and before his See also:

• DEATH

death his name became proverbial for pedantic folly . His wife, Luise Adelgunde Victorie,'nee Kulmus (1713—1762), in some respects her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband's intellectual See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior, was an author of some reputation . She wrote several popular comedies, of which Das Testament is the best, and translated the Spectator (9 vols., 1739-1743), See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope's See also:

• RAPE
• RAPE (from Lat. rapere, to seize)
• RAPE (Lat. rapum or rapa, turnip)

Rape of the See also:

• LOCK (from the O. Eng. loc.; the word appears, in different forms, in many Teutonic languages, but with such various meanings as " hole," Ger. Loch, " lid," Swed. lock, &c.; probably the original was a root meaning " to enclose ")
• LOCK, MATTHIAS

Lock (1744) and other English and French See also:

• WORKS

works . After her death her husband edited her Samtliche kleinere Gedichte with a memoir (1763) . See T . W . Danzel, Gottsched and See also:

• SEINE
• SEINE (Lat. Sequana)
• SEINE, or SEAN (O. Fr. seigne, mod. seine, Lat. sagena, Gr. vaytivrl, a draw-net)

seine Zeit (Leipzig, 1848) ; J .

Crt1er, Gottsched, Bodmer, and Breitinger (with selections from their writings) (See also:

• STUTTGART

Stuttgart, 1884) ; F . Servaes, Die Poetik Gottscheds and der Schweizer (See also:

• STRASSBURG, or STRASBURG (French Strasbourg)

Strassburg, 1887) ; E . See also:

• WOLFF (less correctly WOLF), CHRISTIAN (1679-1754)
• WOLFF, CASPAR FRIEDRICH (1733-1794)
• WOLFF, JOSEPH (1795–1862)

Wolff, Gottscheds Stellung See also:

• IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

im deutschen Bildungsleben (2 vols., See also:

• KIEL

Kiel, 1895-1897), and G . Waniek, Gottsched and die deutsche Literatur seiner Zeit (Leipzig, 1897) . On Frau Gottsched, see P . Schlenther, Frau Gottsched and die biirgerliche Komodie (See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1886) .