See also:

• JAY (Fr. geai)
• JAY, JOHN (1745-1829)
• JAY, WILLIAM (1769-1853)

JAY See also:

• GOULD, AUGUSTUS ADDISON (,8o5-1866)
• GOULD, BENJAMIN APTHORP (1824-1896)
• JAY GOULD (1836-1892)
• GOULD, SIR FRANCIS CARRUTHERS (1844- )

GOULD (1836-1892)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American financier, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• ROXBURY

Roxbury, See also:

• DELAWARE

Delaware See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, on the 27th of May 1836 . He was brought up on his See also:

• FATHER

father's See also:

• FARM

farm, studied at See also:

• HOBART
• HOBART, GARRET AUGUSTUS (1844–1899)
• HOBART, JOHN HENRY (1775-1830)

Hobart See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy, and though he See also:

• LEFT

left school in his sixteenth See also:

• YEAR

year, devoted himself assiduously thereafter to private study, chiefly of See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics and See also:

• SURVEYING

surveying, at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time keeping books for a blacksmith for his See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board . For a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short time he worked for his father in the hardware business; in 1852-1856 he worked as a surveyor in preparing maps of See also:

• ULSTER
• ULSTER, EARLS OF

Ulster, See also:

• ALBANY
• ALBANY, DUKES OF
• ALBANY, LOUISE MAXIMILIENNE CAROLINE, COUNTESS OF (1752-1824)

Albany and Delaware counties in New York, of See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake and Geauga counties in See also:

• OHIO

Ohio, and of See also:

• OAKLAND

Oakland county in See also:

• MICHIGAN
• MICHIGAN, LAKE
• MICHIGAN, UNIVERSITY OF

Michigan, and of a projected railway See also:

• LINE

line between See also:

• NEWBURGH
• NEWBURGH, or NEWBURG

Newburgh and See also:

• SYRACUSE
• SYRACUSE (Gr. Mvpaaovoat; Lat. Syracusae, Ital. Siracusa)

Syracuse, N.Y . An ardent See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-renter in his boyhood and youth, he wrote A'See also:

• HISTORY

History of Delaware County and the Border See also:

• WARS

Wars of New York, containing a See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

Sketch of the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early Settlements in the County, and A History of the See also:

• LATE

Late Anti-See also:

• RENT

Rent Difficulties in Delaware (Roxbury, 1856) . He then engaged in the See also:

• LUMBER

lumber and tanning business in western New York, and in banking at Stroudsburg, See also:

• PENNSYLVANIA
• PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Pennsylvania . In 1863 he married See also:

• MISS

Miss See also:

• HELEN

Helen See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

Day See also:

• MILLER, HUGH (1802–1856)
• MILLER, JOAQUIN (CINCINNATUS HEINE) (1841- )
• MILLER, JOE (JosEPH or JosIAS( (1684-1738)
• MILLER, SAMUEL FREEMAN (1816-1890)
• MILLER, WILLIAM (1782-1849)
• MILLER, WILLIAM (1795-1861)
• MILLER, WILLIAM (1796–1882)
• MILLER, WILLIAM HALLOWES (18o1–188o)

Miller, and through her father, See also:

• DANIEL
• DANIEL (DANIL)
• DANIEL, BOOK
• DANIEL, GABRIEL (1649-1728)

Daniel S . Miller, he was appointed manager of the See also:

• RENSSELAER

Rensselaer & See also:

• SARATOGA, BATTLES OF

Saratoga railway, which he bought up when it was in a very See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition, and skilfully reorganized; in the same way he bought and reorganized the See also:

• RUTLAND
• RUTLAND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• RUTLAND, JOHN JAMES ROBERT MANNERS, 7TH DUKE OF (1818-1906)

Rutland & See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington railway, from which he ultimately realized a large profit . In 1859 he removed to New York See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

City, where he became a See also:

• BROKER (according to the New English Dictionary, from Lat. brocca, spit, spike, broccare, to broach "—another Eng. form of the same word; hence O. Fr. vendre d broche, to retail, e.g. wine, from the tap, and thus the general sense of dealing; see also for

broker in railway See also:

• STOCKS

stocks, and in 1868 he was elected See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the See also:

• ERIE

Erie railway, of which by shrewd See also:

• STRATEGY

strategy he and See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• FISK, JAMES (1834-1872)
• FISK, WILBUR (1792-1839)

Fisk, Jr.(q.v.), had gained See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control in See also:

• JULY

July of that year . The management of the road under his control, and especially the See also:

• SALE
• SALE, GEORGE (c. 1697-1736)
• SALE, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1782—1845)

sale of $5,000,000 of fraudulent stock in 1868-187o, led to litigation begun by See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• BOND
• BOND, SIR EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1815-1898)

bond-holders, and See also:

• GOULD, AUGUSTUS ADDISON (,8o5-1866)
• GOULD, BENJAMIN APTHORP (1824-1896)
• GOULD, JAY (1836-1892)
• GOULD, SIR FRANCIS CARRUTHERS (1844- )

Gould was forced out of the See also:

• COMPANY

company in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1872 and compelled to restore securities valued at about $7,500,000 . It was during his control of the Erie that he and Fisk entered into a See also:

• LEAGUE

league with the See also:

• TWEED

Tweed See also:

• RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

Ring, they admitted Tweed to the directorate of the Erie, and Tweed in turn arranged favourable legislation for them at Albany . With Tweed, Gould was cartooned by See also:

• NAST, THOMAS (1840-1902)

Nast in 1869 . In See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1871 Gould was the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief bondsman of Tweed when the latter was held in $I,000,000 See also:

• BAIL

bail .

With Fisk in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1869 he began to buy See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold in a daring See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to " corner " the See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market, his See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope being that, with the advance in See also:

• PRICE
• PRICE, BARTHOLOMEW (1818–1898)
• PRICE, BONAMY (1807-1888)
• PRICE, RICHARD (1723-1791)

price of gold, See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat would advance to such a price that western farmers would sell, and there would be a consequent See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement of breadstuffs from See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West to See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, which would result in increased See also:

• FREIGHT, (pronounced like " weight "; derived from the Dutch vracht or vrecht, in Fr. fret, the Eng. " fraught " being the same word, and formerly used for the same thing, but now only as an adjective= " laden ")

freight business for the Erie road . His speculations in gold, during which he attempted through President See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

Grant's See also:

• BROTHER

brother-in-See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, A . H . Corbin, to See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence the president and his secretary See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General See also:

• HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

Horace See also:

• PORTER
• PORTER, BENJAMIN CURTIS (1843– )
• PORTER, DAVID (1780-1843)
• PORTER, DAVID DIXON (1813-1891)
• PORTER, ENDYMION (1587–1649)
• PORTER, HENRY (ft. 1596-1599)
• PORTER, HORACE (1837– )
• PORTER, JANE (1776–1850)
• PORTER, MARY (d. 1765)
• PORTER, NOAH (1811–1892)

Porter, culminated in the panic of " See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• FRIDAY (A.S. frige-dreg, fr. frige, gen. of frigu, love, or the goddess of love—the Norse Frigg,—the dreg, day; cf. Icelandic frjddagr, O.H. Ger. friatag, frigatag, mod. Ger. Freitag)

Friday," on the 24th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1869, when the price of gold See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell from 162 to 135 . Gould gained control of the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union Pacific, from which in 1883 he withdrew after realizing a large profit . Buying up the stock of the See also:

• MISSOURI

Missouri Pacific he built up, by means of consolidations, reorganizations, and the construction of See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch lines, the " Gould See also:

• SYSTEM

System " of See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-western states . In r88o he was in virtual control of Io,000,See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles of railway, about one-ninth of the railway mileage of the See also:

• UNITED

United States at that time . Besides, he obtained a controlling See also:

• INTEREST

interest in the Western . Union See also:

• TELEGRAPH (Gr. Tike, far, and rypaq5eiv, to write)

Telegraph Company, and after 1881 in the elevated railways in New York City, and was intimately connected with many of the largest railway See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial operations in the United States for the twenty years following r868 . He died of See also:

• CONSUMPTION (Lat. consumere)

consumption and of See also:

• MENTAL

mental See also:

• STRAIN (through O. Fr. straindre, estraindre, mod. i treindre, from Lat. stringere, to draw tight, related to stress, stretch, string, &c.)

strain on the 2nd of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1892, his See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune at that time being estimated at $72,000,000; all of this he left to his own See also:

• FAMILY

family . His eldest son, See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

GEORGE See also:

• JAY (Fr. geai)
• JAY, JOHN (1745-1829)
• JAY, WILLIAM (1769-1853)

JAY GOULD (b . 1864), was prominent also as an owner and manager of railways, and became president of the Little See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

Rock & Fort See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith railway (1888), the St See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis, See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

Iron See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

Mountain & See also:

• SOUTHERN

Southern railway (1893), the See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

International & Great See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern railway (1893), the Missouri Pacific railway (1893), the See also:

• TEXAS

Texas & Pacific railway (1893), and the Manhattan Railway Company (1892); he was also See also:

• VICE

vice-president and director of the Western Union Telegraph Company .

It was under his control that the See also:

• WABASH

Wabash system became transcontinental and secured an See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic See also:

• PORT

port at See also:

• BALTIMORE
• BALTIMORE, GEORGE CALVERT, 1ST BARON (C. 1580—1632)

Baltimore; and it was he who brought about a friendly See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance between the Gould and the See also:

• ROCKEFELLER, JOHN DAVISON (i839— )

Rockefeller interests . The eldest daughter, HELEN MILLER Gouw (b . 1868), became widely known as a philanthropist, and particularly for her generous gifts to American See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army hospitals in the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain in 1898 and for her many contributions to New York University, to which she gave $250,000 for a library in 1895 and $1oo,000 for a See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall of Fame in 1900 .