See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

BARON GASPAR See also:

• BARON GASPAR GOURGAUD (1783-1852)

GOURGAUD (1783-1852)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French soldier, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• VERSAILLES

Versailles on the 14th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1783; his See also:

• FATHER

father was a musician of the royal See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel . At school he showed See also:

• TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental

talent in mathematical studies and accordingly entered the See also:

• ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

artillery . In 1802 he became junior See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant, and thereafter served with See also:

• CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit in the See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns of 1803-1805, being wounded at See also:

• AUSTERLITZ (Czech Slavkov)

Austerlitz . He was See also:

• PRESENT

present at the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

• SARAGOSSA (Zaragoza)
• SARAGOSSA, COUNCILS OF (Concilia Caesarauguslana)

Saragossa in 18o8, but returned to service in Central See also:

• EUROPE

Europe and took See also:

• PART

part in nearly all the battles of the Danubian See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign of 18og . In 1811 he was chosen to inspect and See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report on the fortifications of See also:

• DANZIG, or DANTSIC (Polish Gdansk)

Danzig . Thereafter he became one of the See also:

• ORDNANCE (a syncopated form of " ordinance " or " ordonnance," so spelt in this sense since the 17th century)

ordnance See also:

• OFFICERS

officers attached to the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor, whom he followed closely through the See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian campaign of 1812; he was one of the first to enter the Kremlin and discovered there a quantity of See also:

• GUNPOWDER

gunpowder which might have been used for the destruction of See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon . For his services in this campaign he received the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

baron, and became first ordnance officer . In the campaign of 1813 in See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Saxony he further evinced his courage and prowess, especially at See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig and See also:

• HANAU

Hanau; but it was in the first See also:

• BATTLE

battle of 1814, near to Brienne, that he rendered the most See also:

• SIGNAL

signal service by killing the See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of a small See also:

• BAND

band of See also:

• COSSACKS (Russ. Kazak; plural, Kazaki, from the Turki quzzaq, " adventurer, free-hooter ")

Cossacks who were See also:

• RIDING

riding furiously towards Napoleon's See also:

• TENT

tent . Wounded at the battle of Montmirail, he yet recovered in See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in several of the conflicts which followed, distinguishing himself especially at See also:

• LAON

Laon and See also:

• REIMS
• REIMS (RHEIMS)

Reims . Though enrolled among the royal See also:

• GUARDS, AND HOUSEHOLD TROOPS

guards of ,See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XVIII. in the summer of 1814, he yet embraced the cause of Napoleon during the See also:

• HUNDRED

Hundred Days (1815), was named See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general and aide-de-See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp by the emperor, and fought at See also:

• WATERLOO

Waterloo . After the second See also:

• ABDICATION (Lat. abdicatio, disowning, renouncing, from ab, from, and dicare, to declare, to proclaim as not belonging to one)

abdication of the emperor (See also:

• JUNE

June 22nd, 1815) See also:

• GOURGAUD, GASPAR, BARON (1783-1852)

Gourgaud retired with him and a few other companions to See also:

• ROCHEFORT
• ROCHEFORT, HENRI, MARQUIS DE

Rochefort . It was to him that Napoleon entrusted the See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter of See also:

• APPEAL

appeal to the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent for an See also:

• ASYLUM (from Gr. b.-, privative, arid earl, right'of seizure)
• ASYLUM, RIGHT OF (Fr. droit d'asile; Ger. Asylrecht)

asylum in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England .

Gourgaud set off in H.M.S . " Slaney," but was not allowed to See also:

• LAND

land Photographed from specimens in the See also:

• BRITISH

British Museum . in England . He determined to share Napoleon's See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile and sailed with him on H.M.S . " See also:

• NORTHUMBERLAND
• NORTHUMBERLAND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• NORTHUMBERLAND, JOHN DUDLEY, VISCOUNT LISLE, EARL OF WARWICK
• NORTHUMBERLAND, JOHN NEVILLE, EARL OF (c. 1430-1471)

Northumberland " to St See also:

• HELENA
• HELENA, ST (c. 247-c. 327)

Helena . The See also:

• SHIP

ship's secretary, See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John R . See also:

• GLOVER, RICHARD (1712-1785)
• GLOVER, SIR JOHN HAWLEY (1829-1885)

Glover, has See also:

• LEFT

left an entertaining See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of some of Gourgaud's gasconnades at table . His extreme sensitiveness and vanity soon brought him into collision with See also:

• LAS

Las Cases and See also:

• MONTHOLON, CHARLES TRISTAN, MARQUIS DE (1782-1853)

Montholon at Longwood . The former he styles in his See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

journal a " Jesuit " and a scribbler who went thither in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to become famous . With Montholon, his See also:

• SENIOR, NASSAU WILLIAM (1790-1864)

senior in See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank, the See also:

• FRICTION (from Lat. fricare, to rub)

friction became so acute that he challenged him to a See also:

• DUEL (Ital. duello, Lat. duellum—old form of bellum-from duo, two)

duel, for which he suffered a See also:

• SHARP, GRANVILLE (1735-1813)
• SHARP, JAMES (1618-1679)
• SHARP, JOHN (1645-1714)
• SHARP, RICHARD (1759-1835)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1749-1824)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1856-1905)

sharp rebuke from Napoleon . Tiring of the See also:

• LIFE

life at Longwood and the many slights which he suffered from Napoleon, he desired to depart, but before he could See also:

• SAIL

sail he spent two months with See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel See also:

• BASIL (Russ. VASILY)

Basil See also:

• JACKSON
• JACKSON, ANDREW (1767-1845)
• JACKSON, CYRIL (1746-1819)
• JACKSON, FREDERICK GEORGE (186o– )
• JACKSON, HELEN MARIA (1831–1885)
• JACKSON, MASON (c. 1820-1903)
• JACKSON, THOMAS (1579-1640)
• JACKSON, THOMAS JONATHAN (1824-1863)
• JACKSON, WILLIAM (1730-1803)

Jackson, whose account of him throws much See also:

• LIGHT

light on his See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, as also on the " policy" adopted by the exiles at Longwood . In England he was gained over by members of the Opposition and thereafter made See also:

• COMMON

common cause with O'Meara and other detractors of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• HUDSON
• HUDSON, GEORGE (180o-1871)
• HUDSON, HENRY
• HUDSON, JOHN (1662–1719)

Hudson See also:

• LOWE, JOHANN KARL GOTTFRIED (1796-1869)
• LOWE, SIR HUDSON (1769-1844)

Lowe, for whose character he had expressed high esteem to Basil See also:

• JACK

Jack-son .

He soon published his Campagne de 1815, in the preparation of which he had had some help from Napoleon; but Gourgaud's Journal de Ste-Helene was not destined to be published till the See also:

• YEAR

year 1899 . Entering the See also:

• ARENA (Lat. for " sand ")

arena of letters, he wrote, or collaborated in, two well-known critiques . The first was a censure of See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count P. de See also:

• SEGUR
• SEGUR, LOUIS PHILIPPE, COMTE DE (1753-1830)
• SEGUR, PHILIPPE HENRI, MARQUIS DE (1724-18o1)
• SEGUR, PHILIPPE PAUL, COMTE DE (1780-1873)

Segur's See also:

• WORK

work on the campaign of . 1812, with the result that he fought a duel with that officer and wounded him . He also sharply criticized Sir See also:

• WALTER, HUBERT (d. 1205)
• WALTER, JOHN (1738/9-1812)

Walter See also:

• SCOTT, ALEXANDER (fl. 1550)
• SCOTT, DAVID (18o6-1849)
• SCOTT, MICHAEL (1789-1835)
• SCOTT, ROBERT (1811-1887)
• SCOTT, SIR GEORGE GILBERT (1811-1878)
• SCOTT, SIR WALTER, BART
• SCOTT, WILLIAM BELL (1811-1890)
• SCOTT, WINFIELD (1786-1866)

Scott's Life of Napoleon . He returned to active service in the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army in 1830; and in 1840 proceeded with others to St Helena to bring back the remains of Napoleon to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . He became a See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy to the Legislative See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

Assembly in 1849;. he died in 1852 . Gourgaud's See also:

• WORKS

works are La Campagne de 1815 (See also:

• LONDON

London and See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1818); Napoleon et la Grande Armee en Russie; examen critique de l'ouvrage de M. le See also:

• COMTE, AUGUSTE [ISIDORE AUGUSTE MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER] (1798-1857)

comte P. de Segur (Paris, 1824) ; Refutation de la See also:

• VIE

vie de Napoleon See also:

• PAR (Lat. par, equal)

par Sir Walter Scott (Paris, 1827) . He collaborated with Montholon in the work entitled Memoires pour servir d l'histoire de France sous Napoleon (Paris, 1822-1823), and with Belliard and others in the work entitled See also:

• BOURRIENNE, LOUIS ANTOINE FAUVELET DE (176)–1834)

Bourrienne et ses erreurs (2 vols., Paris, 1830) ; but his most important work is the Journal inedit de Ste-Helene (2 vols., Paris, 1899), which is a remarkably naif and lifelike See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record of the life at Longwood . See, too, Notes and Reminiscences of a See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

Staff Officer, by Basil Jackson (London, 1904), and the bibliography to the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article LOWE, SIR HUDSON . (J . Hr ..