GOVERNORS  .

Arthur C . Mellette . Republican 1889-1893 Charles H . Sheldon . 1893-1897 Andrew E . Lee . Populist 1897-1901 Charles N . Herreid Republican 1901-1905 Samuel H . Elrod 1905-1907 Coe I . Crawford „ 1907-1909 Robert S . Vessey 1909- f31s1,1oGRArHv.—For physical description see the Bulletins of the South Dakota Geological Survey (Vermilion, 1894 sqq.) ; N .

H . Darton,

Geology and Underground Waters of South Dakota (Washington, 1909), Water Supply Paper 227 of the U.S . Geological Survey; James Edward Todd, " The Hydrographic History of South Dakota " in vol. xiii. of the Bulletin of the Geological Society of America (Rochester, 1902) . And for administration and history see Hagerty, The Territory of Dakota (Aberdeen, 1889) ; E . L . Grantham, (ed.) Statutes of South Dakota (2nd revised ed., 2 vols., 1901); Doane Robinson, A Brief History of South Dakota (New York, 1905); J . F . Kelly, Manual of the Township and Road Laws of South Dakota 1907; the state constitution, biennial reports of the auditor, secretary of state and superintendent of public instruction, and annual reports of the railway commissioners, insurance department and treasurer . SOUTHEND-ON-SEA, a municipal borough and watering-place in the south-east parliamentary division of Essex, England, on the estuary of the Thames . Pop . (1901), 28,857 . Area, 5172 acres .

It is 36 m . E. from

London by the London, Tilbury & Southend railway; and is served also by the Great Eastern railway, and during the summer by steamers from London . It first sprang into notice from a visit of Queen Caroline in 1804, and as it is the nearest seaside resort to London it is much frequented . The bathing is good, but the tide recedes with great rapidity and for nearly a mile . The pier, which is over I y m. in length, permits the approach of steamers at all tides . Westcliff-on-Sea, a western suburb, has a station on the London and Tilbury line . Westward again is Leigh-on-Sea (an urban district, pop . 3667); its lofty Perpendicular church tower is visible from afar . At Hadleigh, 4m. west, there is a Salvation Army farm colony . The church of Hadleigh is Norman, with an eastern apse, and later additions . The castle was built in the 13th century, and two ruined towers and other fragments remain . Thorpe Bay is a residential suburb about mid-way between Southend and Shoeburyness .

Eastwood, Great Wakering and Little Wakering are parishes in the

neighbour-hood . Southend was incorporated a municipal borough in 1894, under a mayor, 6 aldermen, and 18 councillors; in 1910 these numbers were increased to 8 aldermen and 24 councillors .