GOVERNORS OF

See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

SOUTH CAROLINA  Proprietary Period (1670–1719) William Sayle Joseph \Vest . Sir John Yeamans Joseph West Joseph Morton Richard Kyrie Robert Quarry (chosen by the council) Joseph \Vest Joseph Morton James Colleton Seth Sothell Philip Ludwell Thomas Smith Joseph Blake John Archdale Joseph Blake James Moore Sir Nathaniel Johnson Edward Tynte Robert Gibbes Charles Craven Robert Daniel . Robert Johnson James Moore . Sir Francis Nicholson . Arthur Middleton . Robert Johnson . Thomas Broughton William Bull • . 1737–1743 1743–1756 1756–1760 176o–1761 1761–1764 1764–1766 1766–1768 1768 1768–1769 1769–1771 1771–1773 1773–1775 1775 1775–1776 John Rutledge Rawlins Lowndes John Rutledge . John Matthewes Benjamin Guerard William Moultrie . Thomas Pinckney Charles Pinckney William Moultrie Arnoldus Vanderhorst Charles Pinckney Edward Rutledge John Drayton James B . Richardscn Paul Hamilton . Charles Pinckney John Drayton .

Henry Middleton Joseph Alston . David R . Williams Democrat-Republican 1814–1816 Andrew Pickens 77 1816–1813 John Geddes 1818-182o Thomas Bennett ,, 1820–1822 John L . Wilson „ 1822–1824 Richard I . Manning . „ 1824–1826 John Taylor 1826–1828 Stephen D . Miller Democrat 1828–183o James Hamilton, jun . „ 1830–1832 Robert Y . Hayne 1832–1834 George McDuffie „ 1834–1836 Pierce M . Butler ,, 1836–1838 Patrick Noble ,, 1838–184o B . K . Henegan „ (acting) 184o John P .

Richardson ,, 1840–1842 James H . Hammond „ 1842–1844 William Aiken ,, 1844–1846 David Johnson „ 1846–1848 Whitemarsh B . Seabrook . „ 1848–185o John H . Means . II 1850–1852 John L . Manning 1852–1854 James H . Adams „ 1854–1856 obert F . W . Allston 1856–1858 11 William H . Gist „ 1858–1860 Francis W . Pickens „ 186o–1862 Milledge L .

Bonham . ,, 1862–1864 Andrew G . McGrath . ,, 1864–1865 Benjamin F . Perry „ (provi- sional) 1865 James L . Orr Conservative 1865–1868 Gen . Edward R . S . Canby . (military governor) 1868 Robert K . Scott . Republican 1868–1872 Franklin J .

Moses, jun . 1872–1874 Daniel H . Chamberlain 1874–1876 Wade Hampton . Democrat 1876–1879 William D . Simpson (acting) 1879–188o Thomas D . Deter (acting) 188o Johnson Hagood 188o–1882 Hugh S . Thompson 1882–1886 John C . Sheppa(acting) 1886 John P . Richardson . 1886–1890 Benjamin R . Tillman . 1890–1894 John G .

Evans 1894–1897 William H . Ellerbe 1897–1899 Miles B . McSweeney . 1899–1903 Duncan C . Heyward . 1903–1907 Martin F . Ansel , 1907–1911 Coleman L . Blease „ 1911 BIBLIOGRAPHY—For general description see Michael Tuomey, Report on the Geology of South Carolina (Columbia, 1848) ; the Hand-book of South Carolina; Resources, Institutions, and Industries of the State, published by the State Department of Agriculture, Commerce and Immigration (Columbia, 1907 ; 2nd ed., 1908) ; the Annual Reports (1904 seq.) of the same department and its other publications; and W . G . Simms, Geography of South Carolina (Charleston, 1843) . For administration see D . D .

Wallace, The Civil Government of South Carolina (Dallas, 1906); E . L . Whitney, Government of the Colony of South Carolina, in Johns Hopkins University Studies, vol. xiii . (Baltimore, 1895) ; B . J . Ramage, Local Government and Free Schools in South Carolina, in Johns Hopkins University Studies, vol. i . No . 12 (Baltimore, 1883) ; Colyer Meriwether, History of Higher Education in South Carolina (Washington, 1889), in Circulars of Information of the United States Bureau of Education, No . 3 . There is no general history of South Carolina . The standard work for the colonial period is Edward McCrady's The History of South Carolina under the Proprietary Government, 1670–1719 (New York, 1897) and his History of South Carolina under the Royal Government, 1719–1776 (ibid . 1899), which are accurate and interesting, but neglect the manuscript sources at Columbia .

Older histories are

Alexander Hewatt, Historical Account of the Rise and Progress of the Colonies of South Carolina and Georgia (London, 1779), freely used by later writers; David Ramsay, History of South Carolina ( 2 vols., Charleston, 1809), little more than a reprint, without acknowledgments, of Hewatt; and William J . Rivers, Sketch of the History of South Carolina to the Close of the Proprietary Government, 1719 (Charleston, 1856), which was utilized by McCrady in his first volume and was the first history of the colony based on the documents in the Public Records Office . See also E . L . Whitney, " Bibliography of the Colonial History of South Carolina,” in Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1894 (Washington, 1895) . More distinctly legal and political in character are three doctors' monographs: Edson L . Whitney, Government of the Colony of South Carolina (Baltimore, 1895), based too exclusively on the statutes; D . D . Wallace, Constitutional History of South Carolina from 1725 to 1775 (Abbeville, S . C., 1899; new ed., 1908), a very brief summary; and W . Roy Smith, South Carolina as a Royal Province, 1719–1776 (New York, 1903), based on the manuscript sources at Columbia . The standard work for the War of Independence is Edward McCrady, The History (chosen by the council) .(deputy-governor) Royal Period (1719–1776) 1670–1671 (chosen by the council) 1671—1672 .

. 1672–1674 1674–1682 1682–1684 1684 1684–1685 1685 1685–1686 1686–1690 1690–1692 1692–1693 1693–1694 (chosen by the council) 1694 1694–1696 1696–1700 (chosen by the council) 1700–1702 1702-1710 1710 1710-1711 1711-1716 1716–1717 1717–1719 (elected by the

people) (president of the council and acting-governor) (lieutenant-governor) (president of the council, lieutenant-governor) James Glen . . William Henry Lyttleton William Bull, the 2nd . (lieutenant-governor) Thomas Boone . William Bull, the 2nd . (lieutenant-governor) Lord Charles Greville Montague William Bull, the 2nd . (lieutenant-governor) Lord Charles Greville Montague William Bull, the 2nd . . (lieutenant-governor) Lord Charles Greville Montague William Bull, the 2nd . . (lieutenant-governor) Lord William Campbell Henry Laurens (president of the council of safety) Statehood Period (1776– ) (president) (president) . Democrat-Republican 71 1719—1721 1721–1729 1724–1729 1729–1735 1735–1737 1776—1778 . 1778–1779 1779–1782 1782–1783 1783–1785 1785–1787 1787–1789 1789–1792 1792–1794 1794–1796 1796–1798 1798-1800 1800–1802 1802–1804 1804–18o6 1806–18o8 1808-1810 1810-1812 1812-1814 of South Carolina in the Revolution, 1776–1783 (2 vols., New York, 1901–1902) . Older books on the subject are David Ramsay, History of the Revolution of South Carolina from a British Colony to an Independent State (2 vols., Trenton, 1785) ; William Moultrie, Memoirs of the American Revolution, so far as it related to the States of North and South Carolina and Georgia (2 vols., New York, 1802) ; If Drayton, Memoirs of the American Revolution relating to the Slate of South Carolina (2 vols., Charleston, 1821) ; and R . W .

Gibbes, Documentary History of the American Revolution (3 vols., Columbia, 1853; New York, 1857) . Very little has been written on the period since 1783 . David F .

Houston, Critical Study of Nullification in South Carolina (New York, 1896), is a concise, scholarly work . Hermann von Hoist's John C . Calhoun (Boston, 1892), is written from the extreme nationalistic and anti-slavery point of view . For the Civil War and Reconstruction, see James Ford Rhodes, History of the United States from the Compromise of 185o (5 vols., New York, 1893–1904) ; James S . Pike, The Prostrate State; or South Carolina under Negro Government (New York, 1874) ; Carl Schurz, Report on the States of South Carolina, Georgia, &c . (Washing-ton, 1865, being 39th Congress, 1st session, Sen . Ex . Doc . 2); Hilary A .

Herbert and others, Why the Solid South ? (Baltimore, 1890) ; and John P . Hollis, The Early Period of Reconstruction in South Carolina (Baltimore, 1905), containing an excellent discussion of the period from 1865 to 1868 . For the religious history see Frederick Dalcho, An Historical Account of the Protestant Episcopal Church in South Carolina from the first Settlement of the Province to the War of the Revolution (Charleston, 1820) ; G . D . Bernheim, History of the German Settlements and of the Lutheran Church in North and South Carolina (Philadelphia, 1872) . An excellent monograph on the controversy between the Up Country and the Low Country is William A . Schaper, Sectionalism and Representation in South Carolina (Washington, igol) . Among the chief printed sources are the North Carolina Colonial Records (10 vols., Raleigh, 1886–189o), useful for the early period; B . R . Carroll, Historical Collections of South Carolina (2 vols., New York, 1836) ; and the South Carolina Historical Society Collections (5 vols., Charleston, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1887 and 1897—vol. v. contains the Shaftesbury Papers) .