3RD See also:

• EARL

EARL OF See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN See also:

• RUTHVEN

RUTHVEN See also:

• GOWRIE
• 3RD EARL OF JOHN RUTHVEN GOWRIE (c. 1577-1600)

GOWRIE (c. 1577-1600)  , Scottish conspirator, was the second son of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William, 4th See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• RUTHVEN

Ruthven and 1st See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• GOWRIE
• GOWRIE, JOHN RUTHVEN, 3RD EARL OF (c. 1577-1600)

Gowrie (cr . 1581), by his wife Dorothea, daughter of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• STEWART, ALEXANDER TURNEY (1803-1876)
• STEWART, BALFOUR (1828-1887)
• STEWART, CHARLES (1778–1869)
• STEWART, DUGALD (1753-1828)
• STEWART, J
• STEWART, JOHN (1749—1822)
• STEWART, JULIUS L
• STEWART, SIR DONALD MARTIN (1824–19o0)
• STEWART, SIR HERBERT (1843—1885)
• STEWART, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1540—c. 1605)
• STEWART, STUART
• STEWART, WILLIAM (c. 1480-c. 1550)

Stewart, 2nd Lord See also:

• METHVEN

Methven . The Ruthven See also:

• FAMILY

family was of See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Scottish descent, and had owned extensive estates in the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of William the See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

Lion; the Ruthven See also:

• PEERAGE
• PEERAGE (Fr. pairage, med. Lat. paragium; M.E. Pere, 0. Fr. per, peer, later pair; Lat. Paris, " equal ")

peerage dated from the See also:

• YEAR

year 1488 . The 1st earl of Gowrie ( ? 1541-1584), and his See also:

• FATHER

father, See also:

• PATRICK, SIMON (1626–1707)
• PATRICK, ST

Patrick, 3rd Lord Ruthven (c . 1520-1566), had both been concerned in the See also:

• MURDER

murder of See also:

• RIZZIO

Rizzio in 1566 ; and both took an active See also:

• PART

part on the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the See also:

• KIRK, SIR JOHN (1832- )

Kirk in the See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant intrigues and factions among the Scottish See also:

• NOBILITY

nobility of the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period . The former had been the custodian of See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary, See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen of Scots, during her imprisonment in See also:

• LOCH, HENRY BROUGHAM LOCH, 1ST BARON (1827-1900)

Loch See also:

• LEVEN
• LEVEN, ALEXANDER LESLIE, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1580-1661)
• LEVEN, LOCH

Leven, where, according to the queen, he had pestered her with amorous attentions; he had also been the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief actor in the See also:

• PLOT
• PLOT, ROBERT (164o-1696)

plot known as the " See also:

• RAID

raid of Ruthven " when See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James VI. was treacherously seized while a See also:

• GUEST (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Gast, and Swed. gust; cognate with Lat. hostis, originally a stranger, hence enemy; cf. " host " )
• GUEST, EDWIN (1800–188o)

guest at the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of Ruthven in 1582, and kept under See also:

• RESTRAINT (from " to restrain," Lat. restringere, to hold back, prevent)

restraint for several months while the earl remained at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . Though pardoned for this See also:

• CONSPIRACY (from Lat. conspirare, literally to breathe together, to agree, combine, and especially to form a secret plot)

conspiracy he continued to plot against the king in See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with the earls of See also:

• MAR, EARLDOM OF
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 1ST OR 6TH EARL OF (d. 1572)
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 2ND OR 7TH EARL
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 6TH OR 11TH EARL OF (1675-1732)

Mar and See also:

• ANGUS, EARLS OF

Angus; and he was executed for high See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason on the 2nd of May 1584; his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends complaining that the See also:

• CONFESSION (Lat. confessio, from confiteor, acknowledge, confess)

confession on which he was convicted of treason was obtained by a promise of See also:

• PARDON (through the Fr. from Late Lat. perdonare, to remit a debt or other obligation on a penalty)

pardon from the king . His eldest son, William, and earl of Gowrie, only survived till 1588, the family dignities and estates, which had been forfeited, having been restored to him in 1586 . When, therefore, See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Ruthven succeeded to the earldom while still a See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child, he inherited along with his vast estates family traditions of treason and intrigue . There was also a popular belief, though without See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation, that there was Tudor See also:

• BLOOD

blood in his See also:

• VEINS

veins; and See also:

• BURNET
• BURNET, GILBERT (1643-1715)
• BURNET, THOMAS (1635-1715)

Burnet afterwards asserted that Gowrie stood next in See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession to the See also:

• CROWN

crown of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England after King James VI . Like his father and grandfather before him, the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young earl attached himself to the party of the reforming preachers, who procured his See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election in 1592 as See also:

• PROVOST (through O. Fr. prevost, mod. prevot, Lat. praepositus, set over, from praeponere, to place in front)

provost of See also:

• PERTH
• PERTH, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Perth, a See also:

• POST

post that was almost hereditary in the Ruthven family .

He received an excellent See also:

• EDUCATION

education at the See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar school of Perth and the university of See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh, where he was in the summer of 1593, about the time when his See also:

• MOTHER

mother, and his See also:

• SISTER

sister the countess of See also:

• ATHOLL, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• ATHOLL, or ATHOLE

Atholl, aided See also:

• BOTHWELL
• BOTHWELL, JAMES HEPBURN, 4TH EARL OF

Bothwell in forcing himself See also:

• SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

sword in See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand into the king's bedchamber in Holyrood See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

Palace . A few months later Gowrie joined with Atholl and See also:

• MONTROSE
• MONTROSE, JAMES GRAHAM, MARQUESS OF (1612—1650)
• MONTROSE, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF

Montrose in offering to serve Queen See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth, then almost openly hostile to the Scottish king; and it is probable that he had also relations with the rebellious Bothwell . Gowrie had thus been already deeply engaged in treasonable conspiracy when, in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1594, he proceeded to See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy with his See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor, William Rhynd, to study at the university of See also:

• PADUA (Lat. Patavium ; Ital. Padova)

Padua . On his way See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home in 1599 he remained for some months at See also:

• GENEVA
• GENEVA (Fr. Geneve, Ger. Genf, Ital. Ginevra, Late Lat. Gebenna, though Genava in good Latin)
• GENEVA, LAKE OF

Geneva with the reformer See also:

• THEODORE
• THEODORE (602-690)
• THEODORE (Fedor) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1741–1796)
• THEODORE (Rus. Fedor, or Feodor)

Theodore See also:

• BEZA (DE BESZE), THEODORE (1519—1605)

Beza; and at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris he made acquaintance with the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador, who reported him to See also:

• CECIL

Cecil as devoted to Elizabeth's service, and a nobleman " of whom there may be exceeding use made." In Paris he may also at this time have had further communication with the exiled Bothwell; in See also:

• LONDON

London he was received with marked favour by Queen Elizabeth and her ministers . These circumstances owe their importance to the See also:

• LIGHT

light they throw on the obscurity of the celebrated " Gowrie conspiracy,"which resulted in the slaughter of the earl and his See also:

• BROTHER

brother by attendants of King James at Gowrie See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House, Perth, a few See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks after Gowrie's return to See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland in May x600 . This The event ranks among the unsolved enigmas of See also:

• HISTORY

history . Gowrle The See also:

• MYSTERY (Gr. µw(Trilpcov, from tcuvrm, an initiate, µfew, to shut the mouth)

mystery is caused by the improbabilities inherent in See also:

• CON

con-any of the alternative hypotheses suggested to See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account splracy• for the unquestionable facts of the occurrence; the discrepancies in the See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence produced at the time; the apparent lack of forethought or See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan on the part of the chief actors, whichever See also:

• HYPOTHESIS (from Gr. inrorcOivat, to put under; cf. Lat. suppositio, from sub-ponere)

hypothesis be adopted, as well as the thoughtless folly of their actual See also:

• PROCEDURE (Fr. procedure, from Lat. procedere, to go for-ward)

procedure; and the insufficiency of See also:

• MOTIVE (from Lat. movere, to move)

motive, whoever the guilty parties may have been . The solutions of the mystery that have been suggested are three in number: first, that Gowrie and his brother had concocted a plot to murder, or more probably to kidnap King James, and that they lured him to Gowrie House for this purpose; secondly, that James paid a surprise visit to Gowrie House with the intention, which he carried out, of slaughtering the two Ruthvens; and thirdly, that the tragedy was the outcome of an unpremeditated brawl following high words between the king and the earl, or his brother . To understand the relative probabilities of these hypotheses regard must be had to the See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of Scotland in the year 1600 (see SCOTLAND: History) . Here it can only be recalled that plots to See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture the See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person of the See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign for the purpose of coercing his actions were of frequent occurrence, more than one of which had been successful, and in several of which the Ruthven family had themselves taken an active part; that the relations between England and Scotland were at this time more than usually strained, and that the young earl of Gowrie was reckoned in London among the adherents of Elizabeth; that the Kirk party, being at variance with James, looked upon Gowrie as an hereditary See also:

• PARTISAN, or PARTIZAN

partisan of their cause, and had recently sent an See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent to Paris to recall him to Scotland as their See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader; that Gowrie was believed to be James's See also:

• RIVAL

rival for the succession to the English crown . Moreover, as regards the question of motive it is to be observed, on the one hand, that the Ruthvens believed Gowrie's father to have been treacherously done to See also:

• DEATH

death, and his widow insulted by the king's favourite See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister; while, on the other, James was indebted in a large sum of See also:

• MONEY

money to the earl of Gowrie's See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate, and popular See also:

• GOSSIP (from the O.E. godsibb, i.e. God, and sib, akin, standing in relation to)

gossip credited either Gowrie or his brother, See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander Ruthven, with being the See also:

• LOVER, SAMUEL (1797-1868)

lover of the queen . Although the evidence on these points, and on every See also:

• MINUTE
• MINUTE (Lat. minutes, small; minuere, to make less)

minute circumstance connected with the tragedy itself, has been exhaustively examined by historians of the Gowrie conspiracy, it cannot be asserted that the mystery has been entirely dispelled; but, while it is improbable that See also:

• COMPLETE

complete certainty will ever be arrived at as to whether the See also:

• GUILT

guilt See also:

• LAY

lay with James or with the Ruthven See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers, the most See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research in the light of materials inaccessible or overlooked till the loth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, points See also:

• PRETTY

pretty clearly to the conclusion that there was a genuine conspiracy by Gowrie and his brother to kidnap the king .

If this be the true See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution, it follows that King James was See also:

• INNOCENT (INNOCENTIUS)
• INNOCENT (POPES)

innocent of the blood of the Ruthvens; and it raises the presumption that his own account of the occurrence was, in spite of the glaring improbabilities which it involved, substantially true . The facts as related by James and other witnesses were, in outline, as follows . On the 5th of August 1600 the king See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early to See also:

• HUNT, ALFRED WILLIAM (183o-1896)
• HUNT, HENRY (1i73-1835)
• HUNT, HENRY JACKSON (1819-1889)
• HUNT, JAMES HENRY LEIGH (1784-1859)
• HUNT, ROBERT (1807-1887)
• HUNT, THOMAS STERRY (1826-1892)
• HUNT, WILLIAM HENRY (1790—1864)
• HUNT, WILLIAM HOLMAN (1827-1910)
• HUNT, WILLIAM MORRIS (1824-1879)

hunt in the neighbourhood of See also:

• FALKLAND
• FALKLAND, LUCIUS CARY

Falkland Palace, about 14 M. from Perth . Just as he was setting forth in See also:

• COMPANY

company with the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• LENNOX
• LENNOX, CHARLOTTE (1720-1804)
• LENNOX, MARGARET, COUNTESS OF (1515-1578)

Lennox, the earl of Mar, See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• ERSKINE, EBENEZER (1680-1754)
• ERSKINE, HENRY (1746-1817)
• ERSKINE, JOHN
• ERSKINE, JOHN (1721-1803)
• ERSKINE, RALPH (1685-1752)
• ERSKINE, THOMAS
• ERSKINE, THOMAS ERSKINE, 1ST BARON (1750-1823)

Erskine and others, he was accosted by Alexander Ruthven (known as the See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of Ruthven), a younger brother of the earl of Gowrie, who had ridden from Perth that See also:

• MORNING

morning to inform the king that he had met on the previous See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man in See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of a See also:

• PITCHER

pitcher full of See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold coins, whom he had secretly locked up in a See also:

• ROOM

room at Gowrie House . Ruthven urged the king to ride to Perth to examine this man for himself and to take possession of the treasure . After some hesitation James gave See also:

• CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit to the See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story, suspecting that the possessor of the coins was one of the numerous See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic agents at that time moving about Scotland in disguise . Without giving a See also:

• POSITIVE (or PORTABLE) ORGAN

positive reply to Alexander Ruthven, James started to hunt; but later in the morning he called Ruthven to him and said he would ride to Perth when the See also:

• HUNTING (the verbal substantive from " hunt "; O. Eng. huntian, hunta; apparently connected with O. Eng. hentan, Gothic hinpan, to capture, O.H.G. hunda,booty)

hunting was over . Ruthven then despatched a servant, See also:

• HENDERSON
• HENDERSON, ALEXANDER (1583-1646)
• HENDERSON, EBENEZER (1784-1858)
• HENDERSON, GEORGE FRANCIS ROBERT (1854-1903)
• HENDERSON, JOHN (1747-1785)

Henderson, by whom he had been accompanied from Perth in the early morning, to tell Gowrie that the king was coming to Gowrie House . This messenger gave the See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information to Gowrie about ten o'See also:

• CLOCK

clock in the morning . Meanwhile Alexander Ruthven was urging the king to lose no time, requesting him to keep the See also:

• MATTER

matter See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret from his courtiers, and to bring to Gowrie House as small a See also:

• RETINUE (O. Fr. retenue, from retenir, Lat. retenere, hold back, retain)

retinue as possible . James, with a See also:

• TRAIN (M. Eng. trayn or trayne, derived through Fr. from Late Lat. trahinare, to drag, draw, Lat. trahere, cf. trail, trace, ultimately from the same source)

train of some fifteen persons, arrived at Gowrie House about one o'clock, Alexander Ruthven having spurred forward for a mile or so to announce the king's approach . But notwithstanding Henderson's warning some three See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours earlier, Gowrie had made no preparations for the king's entertainment, thus giving the impression of having been taken by surprise .

After a meagre repast, for which he was kept waiting an See also:

• HOUR

hour, James, forbidding his retainers to follow him, went with Alexander Ruthven up the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• STAIRCASE

staircase and passed through two See also:

• CHAMBERS (the Fr. chambre, from Lat. camera, a room)
• CHAMBERS, EPHRAIM (d. 1740)
• CHAMBERS, GEORGE (1803-1840)
• CHAMBERS, ROBERT (18oz-1871)
• CHAMBERS, SIR WILLIAM (1726-1796)

chambers and two doors, both of which Ruthven locked behind them, into a See also:

• TURRET (from O. Fr. tourette, diminutive of tour, tower, mod. Fr. tourelle)

turret-room at the See also:

• ANGLE (from the Lat. angulus, a corner, a diminutive, of which the primitive form, angus, does not occur in Latin; cognate are the Lat. angere, to compress into a bend or to strangle, and the Gr. ayKOS, a bend; both connected with the Aryan root ank-, to

angle of the house, with windows looking on the courtyard and the See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

street . Here James expected to find the mysterious prisoner with the foreign gold . He found instead an armed man, who, as appeared later, was none other than Gowrie's servant, Henderson . Alexander Ruthven immediately put on his See also:

• HAT

hat, and See also:

• DRAWING

drawing Henderson's See also:

• DAGGER

dagger, presented it to the king's See also:

• BREAST (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. the Ger. Brust, possibly connected with an O. Sax. brustian, to bud)

breast with threats of instant death if James opened a window or called for help . An allusion by Ruthven to the See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution of his father, the 1st earl of Gowrie, See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew from James a reproof of Ruthven's ingratitude for various benefits conferred on his family . Ruthven then uncovered his head, declaring that James's See also:

• LIFE

life should be safe if he remained quiet; then, committing the king to the custody of Henderson, he See also:

• LEFT

left the turret—ostensibly to consult Gowrie—and locked the See also:

• DOOR (corresponding to the Gr. Bbpa,. Lat. fores or valvae; the English word, with other forms common in allied languages, comes from the same Indo-European stem as the Gr. Obpa and Lat. fares)

door behind him . While Ruthven was absent the king questioned Henderson, who professed See also:

• IGNORANCE (Lat. ignorantia, from ignorare, not to know); want of knowledge, a state of mind which in law has important consequences. A well-known legal maxim runs: ignorantia juris non excusat ("ignorance of the law does not excuse")

ignorance of any plot and of the purpose for which he had been placed in the turret; he also at James's See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request opened one of the windows, and was about to open the other when Ruthven returned . Whether or not Alexander had seen his brother is uncertain . But Gowrie had meantime spread the See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report below that the king had taken See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse and had ridden away; and the royal retinue were seeking their horses to follow him . Alexander, on re-entering the turret, attempted to bind James's hands; a struggle ensued, in the course of which the king was seen at the window by some of his followers below in the street, who also heard him cry " treason " and See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call for help to the earl of Mar . Gowrie affected not to hear these cries, but kept asking what was the matter . Lennox, Mar and most of the other lords and gentlemen ran up the main The staircase to the king's help, but were stopped by the slaughter locked door, which they spent some time in trying of the to See also:

• BATTER

batter down .

John See also:

• RAMSAY, ALLAN (1686-1758)
• RAMSAY, ALLAN (1713-1784)
• RAMSAY, ANDREW MICHAEL (1686-1743)
• RAMSAY, DAVID (1749—1815)
• RAMSAY, SIR WILLIAM (1852– )
• RAMSAY, SIR WILLIAM MITCHELL (185r– )

Ramsay (afterwards earl of Ruthvens . See also:

• HOLDERNESSE, EARL OF

Holdernesse), noticing a small dark stairway leading directly to the inner chamber adjoining the turret, ran up it and found the king struggling at grips with Ruthven . Drawing his dagger, Ramsay wounded Ruthven, who was then pushed down the stairway by the king . Sir Thomas Erskine, summoned by Ramsay, now followed up the small stairs with Dr See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

Hugh See also:

• HERRIES, JOHN CHARLES (1778-1855)
• HERRIES, JOHN MAXWELL, 4TH LORD (c. 1512-1583)

Herries, and these two coming upon the wounded Ruthven despatched him with their swords . Gowrie, entering the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court-yard with his stabler Thomas Cranstoun and seeing his brother's See also:

• BODY

body, rushed up the staircase after Erskine and Herries, followed by Cranstoun and others of his retainers; and in the melee Gowrie was killed . Some commotion was caused in the See also:

• TOWN

town by the See also:

• NOISE (a word of doubtful origin; O. Fr. nogse or nose; Prov. nausa, which points to Lat. nausea, sickness, as the origin; others take Lat. noxia, harm, as the source)

noise of these proceedings; but it quickly subsided, though-the king did not deem it safe to return to Falkland for some hours . The tragedy caused intense excitement throughout Scotland, and the investigation of the circumstances was followed with much See also:

• INTEREST

interest in England also, where all the details were reported to Elizabeth's ministers . The preachers of the Kirk, whose See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence in Scotland was too extensive for the king to neglect,were only with the greatest difficulty persuaded to accept James's account of the occurrence, although he. voluntarily submitted himself to See also:

• CROSS

cross-examination by one of their number . Their belief, and that of their partisans, influenced no doubt by See also:

• POLITICAL

political hostility to James, was that the king had invented the story of a conspiracy by Gowrie to See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover his own See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design to extirpate the Ruthven family . James gave some See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour to this belief, which has not been entirely abandoned, by the relent-less severity with which he pursued the two younger, and unquestionably innocent, brothers of the earl . See also:

• GREAT

Great efforts were made by the government to prove the complicity of others in the plot . One noted and dissolute conspirator, Sir See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• LOGAN
• LOGAN, JOHN (1748-1788)
• LOGAN, JOHN (c. 1725-1780)
• LOGAN, JOHN ALEXANDER (1826-1886)
• LOGAN, SIR WILLIAM EDMOND (1798-1875)

Logan of Restalrig, was posthumously convicted of having been privy to the Gowrie conspiracy on the evidence of certain letters produced by a See also:

• NOTARY, or NOTARY PUBLIC

notary, See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George Sprot, who swore they had been written by Logan to Gowrie and others .

These letters, which are still in existence, were in fact forged by Sprot in See also:

• IMITATION (Lat. imitatio, from intitari, to imitate)

imitation of Logan's See also:

• HANDWRITING

handwriting; but the researches of See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew See also:

• LANG, ANDREW (1844— )
• LANG, KARL HEINRICH, RITTER VON (1764-1835)

Lang have shown cause for suspecting that the most See also:

• IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

im- portant of them was either copied by Sprot from a ohe sprot rgeries . genuine See also:

• ORIGINAL

original by Logan, or that it embodied the substance of such a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter . If this be correct, it would appear that the See also:

• CONVEYANCE

conveyance of the king to Fast Castle, Logan's impregnable fortress on the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• BERWICKSHIRE

Berwickshire, was part of the plot; and it supplies, at all events, an additional piece of evidence to prove the genuineness of the Gowrie conspiracy . Gowrie's two younger brothers, William and Patrick Ruthven, fled to England; and after the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of James to the English See also:

• THRONE

throne William escaped abroad, but Patrick was taken and imprisoned for nineteen years in the See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

Tower of London . Released in 1622, Patrick Ruthven resided first at See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge and after-wards in See also:

• SOMERSETSHIRE

Somersetshire, being granted a small See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension by the crown . He married Elizabeth See also:

• WOODFORD

Woodford, widow of the 1st Lord Gerrard, by whom he had two sons and a daughter, Mary; the latter entered the service of Queen Henrietta Maria, and married the famous painter See also:

• VAN

van Dyck, who painted several portraits of her . Patrick died in poverty in a See also:

• CELL (from Lat. cella, probably from an Indo-European kal —seen in Lat. celare, to hide; another suggestion connects the word with Lat. cera, wax, taking the original meaning to refer to the honeycomb)

cell in the King's See also:

• BENCH (an O.E. and Eng. form of a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Bank, Dan. baenk and the Eng. doublet " bank ")

Bench in 1652, being buried as " Lord Ruthven." His son, Patrick, presented a See also:

• PETITION (Lat. for " seeking " or " praying ")

petition to See also:

• OLIVER, ISAAC (c. 1566--1617)
• OLIVER, PETER (1594-1648)

Oliver See also:

• CROMWELL, HENRY (1628-1674)
• CROMWELL, OLIVER (1599-1658)
• CROMWELL, RICHARD (1626–1712)
• CROMWELL, THOMAS, EARL OF

Cromwell in 1656, in which, after reciting that the See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament of Scotland in 1641 had restored his father to the See also:

• BARONY

barony of Ruthven, he prayed that his " extreme poverty " might be relieved by the See also:

• BOUNTY (through O. Fr. bontet, from Lat. bonitas, goodness)

bounty of the See also:

• PROTECTOR

Protector . See Andrew Lang, James VI. and the Gowrie Mystery (London, 1902), and the authorities there cited; Robert See also:

• PITCAIRN

Pitcairn, Criminal Trials in Scotland (3 vols., Edinburgh, 1833) ; See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David Moysie, See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs of the Affairs of Scotland, 1577–1603 (Edinburgh, 183o) ; See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis A . Barbe, The Tragedy of Gowrie House (London, 1887) ; Andrew Bisset, Essays on See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical Truth (London, 1871) ; David See also:

• CALDER
• CALDER, SIR ROBERT

Calder-See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood, History of the Kirk of Scotland (8 vols., Edinburgh, 1842–1849) ; P . F . See also:

• TYTLER, WILLIAM (1711-1792)

Tytler, History of Scotland (9 vols., Edinburgh, 1828-1843) ; John See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill See also:

• BURTON, JOHN HILL (1809–1881)
• BURTON, ROBERT (1577-1640)
• BURTON, SIR FREDERICK WILLIAM (1816–f goo)
• BURTON, SIR RICHARD FRANCIS (1821-1890)
• BURTON, WILLIAM EVANS (1804-1860)

Burton, History of Scotland (7 vols., Edinburgh, 1867–187o) . W .

A . See also:

• CRAIGIE, PEARL MARY TERESA (1867–1906)

Craigie has edited as Skotlands Rimur some Icelandic See also:

• BALLADS

ballads See also:

• RELATING

relating to the Gowrie conspiracy . He has also printed the Danish See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of the See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official account of the conspiracy, which was published at See also:

• COPENHAGEN (Danish Kjobenhavn)

Copenhagen in i6oi . (R . J .