See also:

• COMTE, AUGUSTE [ISIDORE AUGUSTE MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER] (1798-1857)

COMTE DE PHILIBERT See also:

• GRAMONT, ANTOINE AGENOR ALFRED
• COMTE DE PHILIBERT GRAMONT (1621-1707)

GRAMONT (1621-1707)  , the subject of the famous See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs, came of a See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble Gaston See also:

• FAMILY

family, said to have been of Basque origin . His grandmother, Diane d'Andouins, comtesse de See also:

• GRAMONT, ANTOINE AGENOR ALFRED
• GRAMONT, PHILIBERT, COMTE DE (1621-1707)

Gramont, was " la belle Corisande," one of the mistresses of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry IV . The See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson assumed that 1 Compare with this See also:

• BISMARCK
• BISMARCK, OTTO EDUARD LEOPOLD VON, PRINCE

Bismarck's remarks to See also:

• HOHENLOHE

Hohenlohe (Hohenlohe, Denkwii.rdigkeilen, ii . 71): " When Gramont was made See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister, Bismarck said to .See also:

• BENEDETTI, VINCENT, COUNT (1817--1900)

Benedetti that this indicated that the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor was meditating something evil, otherwise he would not have made so stupid a See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person minister . Benedetti replied that the emperor knew too little of him, whereupon Bismarck said that the emperor had once described Gramont to him as ` un ancien bellatre.' his See also:

• FATHER

father See also:

• ANTOINE, ANDRE (1858- )

Antoine II. de Gramont, See also:

• VICEROY (from O. Fr. viceroy, mod. viceroi, i.e. Lat. vice, in place of, and roy or roi, king)

viceroy of See also:

• NAVARRE (Span. Navarra)

Navarre, was the son of Henry IV., and regretted that he had not claimed the privileges of royal See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth . Philibert de Gramont was the son of Antoine IL by his second See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage with See also:

• CLAUDE, JEAN (1619-1687)

Claude de See also:

• MONTMORENCY
• MONTMORENCY, ANNE
• MONTMORENCY, MATHIEU JEAN FELICITE DE

Montmorency, and was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in 1621, probably at the family seat of Bidache . He was destined for the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, and was educated at the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college of See also:

• PAU

Pau, in See also:

• BEAM
• BEAM (from the O. Eng. beam, cf. Ger. Baum, a tree, to which sense may be referred the use of " beam " as meaning the rood or crucifix, and the survival in certain names of trees, as horn-beam)

Beam . He refused the ecclesiastical See also:

• LIFE

life, however, and joined the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas of See also:

• SAVOY, HOUSE
• SAVOY, HOUSE OF

Savoy, •then besieging Trino in See also:

• PIEDMONT (Ital. Piemonte; Low Lat. Pedemons and Pedemontium)

Piedmont . He afterwards served under his See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder See also:

• HALF

half-See also:

• BROTHER

brother, Antoine, See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal de Gramont, and the prince of See also:

• CONDE
• CONDE, LOUIS DE BOURBON, PRINCE
• CONDE, LOUIS II
• CONDE, PRINCES OF

Conde . He was See also:

• PRESENT

present at See also:

• FRIBOURG [Ger. Freiburg]

Fribourg and See also:

• NORDLINGEN

Nordlingen, and also served with distinction in See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain and See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders in 1647 and 1648 . He favoured Conde's party at the beginning of the See also:

• FRONDE, THE

Fronde, but changed sides before he was too severely compromised . In spite of his See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record in the army he never received any important See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission either military or See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic, perhaps because of an incurable levity in his outlook .

He was, however, made a See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of the Pays d'Aunis and See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant of Beam . During the See also:

• COMMONWEALTH

Commonwealth he visited See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, and in 1662 he was exiled from See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris for paying See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court to Mademoiselle de la Motte Houdancourt, one of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's mistresses . He went to See also:

• LONDON

London, where he found at the court of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles II. an See also:

• ATMOSPHERE (Gr. fir µ6r, vapour; orkaipa, a sphere)

atmosphere congenial to his talents for intrigue, gallantry and See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure . He married in London, under pressure from her two See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers, See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton, the See also:

• SISTER

sister of his future biographer . She was one of the See also:

• GREAT

great beauties of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English court, and was, according to her brother's optimistic See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account, able to See also:

• FIX, THEODORE (180o-1846)

fix the See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count's affections . She was a woman of considerable wit, and held her own at the court of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIV., but her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband pursued his gallant exploits to the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long life, being, said Ninon de 1'Enclos, the only old See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man' who could affect the follies of youth without being ridiculous . In 1664 he was allowed to return to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . He revisited England in 1670 in connexion with the See also:

• SALE
• SALE, GEORGE (c. 1697-1736)
• SALE, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1782—1845)

sale' of See also:

• DUNKIRK
• DUNKIRK (Fr. Dunkerque)

Dunkirk, and again in 1671 and 1676 . In 1688 he was sent by Louis XIV. to congratulate See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James II. on the birth. of an See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir . From all these small diplomatic See also:

• MISSIONS (Lat. missio, a sending)

missions he succeeded in obtaining considerable profits, being destitute of scruples whenever See also:

• MONEY

money was in question . At the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of seventy-five he. had a dangerous illness, during which he became reconciled to the church . His penitence does not seem to have survived his recovery .

He was eighty years old when he supplied his brother-in-See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, See also:

• ANTHONY, SAINT
• ANTHONY, SUSAN BROWNELL (1820-1906)

Anthony Hamilton .(q.v.), with the materials for his, Memoires . Hamilton said that they had been dictated to him, but there is no doubt that he was the real author . The account of Gramont's See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early career was doubtless provided by himself, but Hamilton was probably more See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar with the See also:

• HISTORY

history of the court of Charles II., which forms the most interesting See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section of the See also:

• BOOK

book . Moreover Gramont, though he had a reputation for wit, was no writer, and there is no See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to suppose that he was capable of producing a See also:

• WORK

work which remains a masterpiece of See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style and of witty See also:

• PORTRAITURE

portraiture . When the Memoires were finished it is said that Gramont sold the MS. for 1500 francs; and kept most of the money himself . See also:

• FONTENELLE, BERNARD LE BOVIER DE (1657-1757)

Fontenelle, then See also:

• CENSOR (from Lat. censere, assess, estimate; in Gr. rt s ris)

censor of the See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press, refused to license the book from considerations of respect to the See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange old man, whose gambling, See also:

• CHEATING

cheating and meannesses were so ruthlessly exposed . But Gramont himself appealed to the See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor and the See also:

• PROHIBITION (Lat. prohibere, to prevent)

prohibition was removed . He died on the loth of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1707, and the Memoires appeared six. years later . Hamilton was far See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior to the See also:

• COMTE, AUGUSTE [ISIDORE AUGUSTE MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER] (1798-1857)

comte de Gramont, but he relates the See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story of his See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero without comment, and no condemnation of the prevalent See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

code of morals is allowed to appear, unless in an occasional See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch of See also:

• IRONY (Gr. dipaweLa, from eipwv, one who says less than he means, eiepees, to speak)

irony . The portrait. is See also:

• DRAWN

drawn with such skill that the count, in spite of his biographer's candour, imposes by his See also:

• GRAND

grand. See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air on the reader much as he appears to have done on his contemporaries . The book is the most entertaining of contemporary memoirs, and in no other book is there a description so vivid, truthful, and graceful of the licentious court of Charles II . There are other and less.;flattering accounts of the' count .

His scandalous See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue knew no See also:

• RESTRAINT (from " to restrain," Lat. restringere, to hold back, prevent)

restraint, and he was a privileged person who was allowed to See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state even the most unpleasing truths to Louis XIV . See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint-See also:

• SIMON, ABRAHAM (1622-1692)
• SIMON, JULES FRANCOIS (1814–1896)
• SIMON, RICHARD (1638–1712)
• SIMON, SIR JOHN (1816–1904)
• SIMON, THOMAS (c. 1623-1665)

Simon in his memoirs333 describes the See also:

• RELIEF

relief that was See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt at court when the old man's See also:

• DEATH

death was announced . Memoires de la See also:

• VIE

vie du comte de See also:

• GRAMMONT (the Flemish name Gheeraardsbergen more clearly reveals its • etymology . Gerardi-mons)

Grammont contenant particulierement l'histoire amoureuse de la cour d'Angleterre sous le regne de Charles II was printed in See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland with the inscription Cplogne, 1713 . Other See also:

• EDITIONS

editions followed in 1715 and 1716 . Memoirs of the Life of Count de Grammont ... translated out of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French' by Mr [ See also:

• ABEL (better ABELL), THOMAS (d. 1540)
• ABEL (Hebrew for breath)
• ABEL, KARL FRIEDRICH (1725-1787)
• ABEL, NIELS HENRIK (1802-1829)
• ABEL, SIR FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, BART

Abel ] See also:

• BOYER, ALEXIS (1757-1833)
• BOYER, JEAN PIERRE (1776-1850)

Boyer (1714), was supplemented by a " compleat See also:

• KEY
• KEY (in O. Eng. tang; the ultimate origin of the word is unknown; it appears only in Old Frisian kei of other Teutonic languages; until the end of the 17th century the pronunciation was kay, as in other words in O. Eng. ending in aeg; cf. daeg, day; clang
• KEY (the phraseograms being indicated by hyphens)
• KEY, SIR ASTLEY COOPER (1821-1888)
• KEY, THOMAS HEWITT (1799-1875)

key " in 1719 . ' The Memoires " augmentees de notes et d'eclaircissemens " was edited by See also:

• HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

Horace See also:

• WALPOLE, HORATIO
• WALPOLE, SIR SPENCER (1839-1907)

Walpole in 1772 . In 1793 appeared in London an edition adorned with portraits engraved after originals in the royal collection . An English edition by See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• WALTER, HUBERT (d. 1205)
• WALTER, JOHN (1738/9-1812)

Walter See also:

• SCOTT, ALEXANDER (fl. 1550)
• SCOTT, DAVID (18o6-1849)
• SCOTT, MICHAEL (1789-1835)
• SCOTT, ROBERT (1811-1887)
• SCOTT, SIR GEORGE GILBERT (1811-1878)
• SCOTT, SIR WALTER, BART
• SCOTT, WILLIAM BELL (1811-1890)
• SCOTT, WINFIELD (1786-1866)

Scott was published by H . G . See also:

• BOHN, HENRY GEORGE (1796-1884)

Bohn (1846), and this with additions was reprinted in 1889, 1890, 1896, &c . Among other See also:

• MODERN

modern editions are an excellent one in the Bsblietheque See also:

• CHARPENTIER, FRANCOIS (1620-1702)

Charpentier edited by M . Gustave See also:

• BRUNET, JACQUES CHARLES (178o-1867)

Brunet (1859) ; Memoires .

(Paris, 1888) with etchings by L . Boisson after C . Delort and an introduction by H . Gausseron; Memoirs' (1889), edited by . Mr H . See also:

• VIZETELLY, HENRY (1820-1894)

Vizetelly;and Memoirs . . . (1903), edited by Mr See also:

• GORDON
• GORDON, ADAM LINDSAY (1833—1870)
• GORDON, ALEXANDER (c. 1692—c. 1754)
• GORDON, CHARLES GEORGE (1833-'885)
• GORDON, LEON
• GORDON, LORD GEORGE (1751-1793)
• GORDON, PATRICK (1635–1699)
• GORDON, SIR JOHN WATSON (1788—1864)

Gordon See also:

• GOODWIN, JOHN (c. 1594–1665)
• GOODWIN, NATHANIEL CARL (1857– )
• GOODWIN, THOMAS (1600-168o)
• GOODWIN, WILLIAM WATSON (1831– )

Goodwin .