GRANGE (through the A.-Fr. graunge, from the Med.

See also:

• LAT

Lat. granea, a

See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place for storing

See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain, granum)  , properly a granary or barn . In the middle ages a " grange " was a detached portion of a manor with farm-houses and barns belonging to a lord or to a religious house; in it the crops could be conveniently stored for the purpose of collecting rent or tithe . Thus, such barns are often known as " tithe-barns." In many cases a chapel was included among the buildings or stood apart as a separate edifice . The word is still used as a name for a superior kind of farm-house, or for a country-house which has farm-buildings and agricultural land attached to it . Architecturally considered, the " grange " was usually a long building with high wooden roof, sometimes divided by posts or columns into a sort of nave and aisles, and with walls strongly buttressed . Sometimes these granges were of very great extent; one at St Leonards, Hampshire, was originally 225 ft. long by 75 ft. wide, and a still larger one (303 ft. long) existed at Chertsey . Ancient granges, or tithe-barns, still exist at Glastonbury, Bradford-on-Avon, St Mary's Abbey, York, and at Coxwold . A fine example at Peterborough was pulled down at the end of the 19th century . In France there are many examples in stone of the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries; some divided into a central and two side aisles by arcades in stone . Externally granges are noticeable on.account of their great roofs and the slight elevation of the eaves, from 8 to 10 ft. only in height . In the 15th century they were sometimes protected by moats and towers . At Ardennes in Normandy, where the grange was 154 ft. long; Vauclerc near Laon, Picardy, 246 ft. long and in two storeys; at Perrieres, St Vigor, near Bayeux, and Ouilly near Falaise, all in Normandy; and at St Martin-au-Bois (Oise) are a series of fine examples .

Attached to the abbey of Longchamps, near

Paris, is one of the best-preserved granges in France, with walls in stone and internally divided into three aisles in oak timber of extremely fine construction . In the social economic movement in the United States of America, which began in 1867 and was known as the " Farmers' Movement," " grange " was adopted as the name for a local chapter of the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry, and the movement is thus often known as the " Grangers' Movement "(see FARMERS' MOVEMENT) . There are a National Grange at Washington, supervising the local divisions, and state granges in most states .