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FRANCISCUS GRATIANUS

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 379 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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FRANCISCUS

GRATIANUS  , compiler of the Concordia discordantium canonum or Decretum Gratiani, and founder of the science of
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canon law, was born about the end of the I1th century at Chiusi in Tuscany or, according to another account, at Carraria near Orvieto . In early
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life he appears to have been received into the Camaldulian monastery of Classe near Ravenna, whence he afterwards removed to that of
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San Felice in Bologna, where he spent many years in the preparation of the Concordia . The precise date of this
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work cannot be ascertained, but it contains references to the decisions of the Lateran council of 1139, and there is
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fair authority for believing that it was completed while Pope Alexander III. was still simply professor of
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theology at Bologna, in other words, prior to 1150 . The labours of Gratian are said to have been rewarded with the bishopric of Chiusi, but if so he appears never to have been consecrated; at least his name is not in any authentic list of those who have occupied that see . The
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year of his
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death is unknown . For some account of the Decretum Gratiani and its
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history see CANON LAW . The best edition is that of
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Friedberg (Corpus
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juris canonici,
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Leipzig, 1879) . Compare Schultze, Zur Geschichte der Litteratur fiber das Decret Gratians (187o), Die Glosse zum Decret Gratians (1872), and Geschichte der Quellen and Litteratur
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des kanonischen Rechts (3 vols.,
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Stuttgart, 1875) .

End of Article: FRANCISCUS GRATIANUS
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