CARL HEINRICH See also:

• CARL HEINRICH GRAUN (1701-1759)

GRAUN (1701-1759)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German musical composer, the youngest of three See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers, all more or less musical, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 7th of May 1701 at Wahrenbruck in See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Saxony . His See also:

• FATHER

father held a small See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government See also:

• POST

post and he gave his See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children a careful See also:

• EDUCATION

education . See also:

• GRAUN, CARL HEINRICH (1701-1759)

Graun's beautiful See also:

• SOPRANO (a variant of Ital. sovrano, supreme, sovereign, Late Lat. superanus, from super, above)

soprano See also:

• VOICE (Fr. voix, from Lat. vox)

voice secured him an See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment in the See also:

• CHOIR (0. Fr. cuer from Lat. chorus; pronounced quire, and until the end of the 17th century so spelt, the spelling being altered to agree with the Fr. chceur)

choir at See also:

• DRESDEN

Dresden . At an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age he composed a number of sacred cantatas and other pieces for the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church service . He completed his studies under Johann Christoph See also:

• SCHMIDT, H
• SCHMIDT, HEINRICH JULIAN (1818-1886)
• SCHMIDT, KARL VON (1817-1875)
• SCHMIDT, WILHELM ADOLF (1812-1887)

Schmidt (1664–1728), and profited much by the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian operas which were performed at Dresden under the composer See also:

• LOTTI, ANTONIO (1667?-174o)

Lotti . After his voice had changed to a See also:

• TENOR (through Fr. and It. from Lat. tenor, holding on, course, sense of a law, tone)

tenor, he made his debut at the See also:

• OPERA (Italian for " work ")

opera of See also:

• BRUNSWICK
• BRUNSWICK (Ger. Braunschweig)
• BRUNSWICK, KARL WILHELM FERDINAND, DUKE OF (1735-18o6)

Brunswick, in a See also:

• WORK

work by Schurmann, an inferior composer of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day; but not being satisfied with the arias assigned him he re-wrote them, so much to the See also:

• SATISFACTION (Lat. salisfacerc, to satisfy)

satisfaction of the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court that he was commissioned to write an opera for the next See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season . This work, Polydorus (1726), and five other operas written for Brunswick, spread his fame all over See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany . Other See also:

• WORKS

works, mostly of a sacred See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, including two settings of the See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

Passion, also belong to the Brunswick See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period . See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick the See also:

• GREAT

Great, at that See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time See also:

• CROWN

crown See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia, heard the See also:

• SINGER, SIMEON (1846-1906)

singer in Brunswick in 1735, and immediately engaged him for his private See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel at Rheinsberg . There Graun remained for five years, and wrote a number of cantatas, mostly to words written by Frederick himself in See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French, and translated into Italian by Boltarelli . On his See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession to the See also:

• THRONE

throne in 1740, Frederick sent Graun to See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy to engage singers for a new opera to be established at See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin . Graun remained a See also:

• YEAR

year on his travels, earning universal See also:

• APPLAUSE (Lat. applaudere, to strike upon, clap)

applause as a singer in the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief cities of Italy .

After his return to .Berlin he was appointed conductor of the royal See also:

• ORCHESTRA (Fr. Orchestre; Ger. Kapelle, Orchester; Ital. Orchestra)

orchestra (Kapellmeirter) with a See also:

• SALARY

salary of 2000 thalers (goo) . In this capacity he wrote twenty-eight operas, all to Italian words, of which the last, See also:

• MEROPE

Merope (1756), is perhaps the most perfect . It is probable that Graun was subjected to considerable humiliation from the arbitrary caprices of his royal See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master, who was never tired of praising the operas of See also:

• HASSE, JOHANN ADOLPH (1699-1783)

Hasse and abusing those of his Kapellmeister . In his See also:

• ORATORIO

oratorio The See also:

• DEATH

Death of Jesus Graun shows his skill as a contrapuntist, and his originality of melodious invention . In the Italian operas he imitates the florid See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style of his time, but even in these the recitatives occasionally show considerable dramatic See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power . Graun died on the 8th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1759, at Berlin, in the same See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house in which, See also:

• THIRTY

thirty-two years later, See also:

• MEYERBEER, GIACOMO (1791-1863)

Meyerbeer was born .