GRAVINA  , a See also:

• TOWN

town and episcopal see of See also:

• APULIA (sometimes APPULIa in manuscripts but never in inscriptions)

Apulia, See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, in the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• BARI
• BARI (anc. Barium)

Bari, from which it is 63 m . S.W. by See also:

• RAIL

rail (29 M. See also:

• DIRECT

direct), 1148 ft. above See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-level . Pop . (1901) 18,197 . The town is probably of See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval origin,. though some conjecture that it occupies the site of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• BLERA (mod. Bieda)

Blera, a See also:

• POST

post station on the Via See also:

• APPIA, VIA

Appia . The See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral is a See also:

• BASILICA

basilica of the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . The town is surrounded with walls and towers, and a See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick II. rises above the town, which later belonged to the See also:

• ORSINI
• ORSINI, FELICE (1819-1858)

Orsini, See also:

• DUKES
• DUKES, LEOPOLD (1810-1891)

dukes of Gravina; just outside it are dwellings and a See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church (S . Michele) all hewn in the See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock, and now abandoned . Prehistoric remains in the See also:

• DISTRICT

district (remains of ancient settlements, tumuli, &c.) are described by V. di Cicco in Notizie degli scavi (1901), P . 217 .