GRAY
, a See also:town of eastern See also:France, See also:capital of an See also:arrondissement in the See also:department of Haute-See also:Saone, situated on the declivity of a See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill on the See also:left See also:bank of the Saone, 36 m
.
S.W. of See also:Vesoul by the Eastern railway
.
Pop
.
(1906) 5742
.
The streets of the town are narrow and steep, but it possesses broad and beautiful quays and has a busy See also:port
.
Three See also:bridges, one dating from the 18th See also:century, unite it to suburbs on the right bank of the See also:river, on which is the railway-station from which lines See also:branch off to See also:Auxonne, See also:Dijon, See also:Besancon and Culmont-Chalindrey
.
The See also:principal buildings are the See also:Gothic See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church, restored in the See also:style of the See also:Renaissance but with a See also:modern portal, and the hotel de ville, built by the Spaniards in 1568
.
The latter See also:building has a handsome See also:facade decorated with columns of red See also:granite
.
Gray is the seat of a subprefect and has tribunals of first instance and of See also:commerce, a chamber of commerce, a communal See also:college and a small museum
.
It has large See also:flour-See also:mills; among the other See also:industries is the manufacture of machinery and See also:iron goods
.
There is also a considerable transit See also:traffic in goods from the See also:south of France and the colonies, and See also:trade in iron, See also:corn, See also:pro-visions, vegetables, See also:wine, See also:wood, &c., much of which is carried by river
.
Gray was founded in the 7th century
.
Its fortifications were destroyed by See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIV
.
During the Franco-See also:German See also:War
the small See also:Leech Kirche, an interesting building in See also:Early Gothic style, dating from the r3th century, and the Herz Jesu-Kirche, a building in Early Gothic style, finished in 1891, with a See also:tower 36o ft. high
.
Of the See also:secular buildings the most important is the Landhaus, where the See also:local See also:diet holds its sittings, erected in the 16th century in the Renaissance style
.
It possesses an interesting portal and a beautiful arcaded See also:court, and amongst the curiosities preserved here is the Styrian See also:hat
.
In its neighbourhood is the Zeughaus or See also:arsenal, built in 1644, which contains a very See also:rich collection of weapons of the 15th-17th centuries, and which is maintained exactly in the same See also:condition as it was 250 years ago
.
The town See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall, built in 1807, and rebuilt in 1892 in the German Renaissance style, and the imperial See also:castle, dating from the lrth century, now used as See also:government offices, are also See also:worth See also:notice
.
At the See also:head of the educational institutions is the university founded in 1586 by the See also:Austrian See also:archduke See also:Charles See also:Francis, and restored in 1817 after an interruption of 45 years
.
It is now housed in a magnificent building, finished in 1895, and is endowed with numerous scientific laboratories and a rich library
.
It had in 1901 a teaching See also:staff of 161 professors and lecturers, and 1652 students, including many Italians from the See also:Kustenland and See also:Dalmatia
.
The Joanneum Museum, founded in 1811 by the archduke See also:John Baptist, has become very rich in many departments, and an additional huge building in the See also:rococo style was erected in 1895 for its See also:accommodation
.
The technical college, founded in 1814 by the archduke John Baptist, had in 1901 about 400 pupils
.
An active trade, fostered by abundant railway communications, is combined with manufactures of iron and See also:steel wares, See also:paper, chemicals, See also:vinegar, See also:physical and See also:optical See also:instruments, besides See also:artistic See also:printing and See also:lithography
.
The extensive workshops of the See also:Southern railway are at See also:Graz, and since the opening of the railway to the rich See also:coal-See also:fields of Koflach the number of See also:industrial establishments has greatly increased
.
Amongst the numerous interesting places in the neighbourhood are: the Hilmteich, with the Hilmwarte, about roo ft. high; and the Rosenberg (157o ft.), whence the ascent of the See also:Platte (2136 ft.) with extensive view is made
.
At the See also:foot of the Rosenberg is Maria Griin, with a large See also:sanatorium
.
All these places are situated to the N. of Graz
.
On the left bank of the Mur is the See also:pilgrimage church of Maria Trost, built in 1714; on the right bank is the castle of See also:Eggenberg, built in the 17th century
.
To the S.W. is the Buchkogel (2150 ft.), with a magnificent view, and a little farther south is the watering-See also:place of Tobelbad
.
See also:History.—Graz may possibly have been a See also:Roman site, but the first mention of it under its See also:present name is in a document of A.D
.
881, after which it became the See also:residence of the rulers of the surrounding See also:district, known later as See also:Styria
.
Its privileges were confirmed by See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King See also:Rudolph J(. in 1281
.
Surrounded with walls and fosses in 1435, it was able in 1481 to defend itself against the Hungarians under See also:Matthias See also:Corvinus, and in 1529 and 1532 the See also:Turks attacked it with as little success
.
As early as 1J30 the Lutheran See also:doctrine was preached in Graz by Seifried and See also:Jacob von Eggenberg, and in 1540 Eggenberg founded the Paradies or Lutheran school, in which See also:Kepler afterwards taught
.
But the archduke Charles burned 20,000 See also:Protestant books in the square of the present lunatic See also:asylum, and succeeded by his oppressive See also:measures in bringing the See also:city again under the authority of See also:Rome
.
From the earlier See also:part of the 15th century Graz was the residence of one branch of the See also:family of See also:Habsburg, a branch which succeeded to the imperial See also:throne in 1619 in the See also:person of See also:Ferdinand II
.
New fortifications were constructed in the end of the 16th century by See also:Franz von Poppendorf, and in 1644 the, town afforded an asylum td the family of Ferdinand III
.
The See also:French were in See also:possession of the place in 1797 and again in 18o5; and in 1809 See also:Marshal See also:Macdonald having, in accordance with the terms of the See also:peace of See also:Vienna, entered the citadel which he had vainly besieged, blew it all up with the exception of the See also:- BELL
- BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
- BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
- BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
- BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
- BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
- BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
- BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
- BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
- BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
- BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
- BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)
bell-tower and the citizens' or See also:clock tower
.
It benefited greatly during the 19th century from the care of the archduke John and received extended civic privileges in 186o
.
See Ilwof and See also:Peters, Graz, Geschichte and Topographie der Stadt (Graz, 1875) ; G
.
Fels, Graz and See also:seine Umgebung (Graz, 1898) ; L
.
See also:Mayer, See also:Die Stadt der Grazien (Graz, 1897), and Hofrichter, ,Ruckblicke in die Vergangenheit von Graz (Graz, 1885)
.
GRAllINI, See also:ANTONIO See also:FRANCESCO (1503-1583), See also:Italian author, was See also:born at See also:Florence on the nand of See also:March 1503, of See also:good family both by his See also:father's and See also:mother's See also:side
.
Of his youth and See also:education all See also:record appears to be lost, but he probably began early to practise as an See also:apothecary
.
In 1540 he was one of the founders of the See also:Academy of the Humid (degli Umidi) afterwards called " della Fiorentina," and later took a prominent part in the See also:establishment of the more famous Accademia della trusca
.
In both See also:societies he was known as Il Lasca or Leuciscus, and this See also:pseudonym is still frequently substituted for his proper name
.
His See also:temper was what the French happily See also:call a difficult one, and his See also:life was consequently enlivened or disturbed by various See also:literary quarrels
.
His Humid brethren went so far as to expel him for a See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time from the society—the See also:chief ground of offence being apparently his ruthless See also:criticism of the " Arameans," a party of the academicians who maintained that the Florentine or Tuscan See also:tongue was derived from the See also:Hebrew, the See also:Chaldee, or some other branch of the Semitic
.
He was readmitted in 1566, when his friend Salviati was" See also:consul " . of the academy
.
His See also:death took place on the 18th of See also:February 1583
.
II Lasca ranks as one of the See also:great masters of Tuscan See also:prose
.
His style is copious and flexible; abundantly idiomatic, but without any affectation of being so, it carries with it the force and freshness of popular speech, while it lacks not at the same time a flavour of See also:academic culture
.
His principal See also:works are Le Gene (1756), a collection of stories in the manner of See also:Boccaccio, and a number of prose comedies, La Gelosia (1568), La Spirit ata (1561), I See also:Parent adi, La Arenga, La Sibilla, LaPinzochera, L'Arzigogolo
.
The stories, though of no See also:special merit as far as the plots are concerned, are told with verve and See also:interest
.
A number of See also:miscellaneous poems, a few letters and Four Orations to the See also:Cross See also:complete the See also:list of Grazzini's extant works
.
He also edited the works of See also:Berni, and collected Tutti i trionfi, larri, mascherate, e canti carnascialaschi, andati per Firenze dal tempo del magnifico Lorenzo de' See also:Medici See also:fine all' See also:anno 1559
.
In 1868 Adarno See also:Rossi published in his Ricerche per le biblioteche di See also:Perugia three " novelle " by Grazzini, from a MS. of the 16th century in the "Comunale" of Perugia: and in 187o a small collection of those poems which have been left unpublished by previous editors appeared at Poggibonsi, Alcune Foesie indite
.
See Pietro Fanfani's "Vita del Lasca," prefixed to his edition of the Opere di A
.
Grazzini (Florence, 1857)
.
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