Online Encyclopedia

JOHN DE GRAY (d. 1214)

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 391 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOHN DE GRAY (d. 1214)  , bishop of Norwich, entered Prince John's service, and at his accession (1199) was rapidly promoted in the church till he became bishop of Norwich in September 1200 . King John's attempt to force him into the primacy in 1205 started the king's long and fatal
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quarrel with Pope Innocent III . De Gray was a hard-working royal official, in
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finance, in justice, in
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action, using his position to enrich himself and his
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family . In 1209 he went to Ireland to govern it as justiciar . He adopted a forward policy, attempting to extend the
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English frontier northward and westward, and fought a number of
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campaigns on the Shannon and in
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Fermanagh . But in 1212 he suffered a
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great defeat . He assimilated the coinage of Ireland to that of England, and tried to effect a similar reform in Irish law . De Gray was a good financier, and could always raise
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money: this probably explains the favour he enjoyed from King John . In 1213 he is found with 500 knights at the great muster at Barham
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Downs, when Philip Augustus was threatening to invade England . After John's reconciliation with Innocent he was one of those exempted from the general pardon, and was forced to go in person to Rome to obtain it . At Rome he so completely gained over Innocent that the pope sent him back with papal letters recommending his election to the bishopric of Durham (1213); but he died at St
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Jean d'Audely in
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Poitou on his homeward journey (
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October 1214) .

End of Article: JOHN DE GRAY (d. 1214)
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