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JOHN DE GRAY (d. 1214)

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 391 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOHN DE See also:GRAY (d. 1214)  , See also:bishop of See also:Norwich, entered See also:Prince See also:John's service, and at his See also:accession (1199) was rapidly promoted in the See also:church till he became bishop of Norwich in See also:September 1200 . See also:King John's See also:attempt to force him into the primacy in 1205 started the king's See also:long and fatal See also:quarrel with See also:Pope See also:Innocent III . De See also:Gray was a hard-working royal See also:official, in See also:finance, in See also:justice, in See also:action, using his position to enrich himself and his See also:family . In 1209 he went to See also:Ireland to govern it as See also:justiciar . He adopted a forward policy, attempting to extend the See also:English frontier northward and westward, and fought a number of See also:campaigns on the See also:Shannon and in See also:Fermanagh . But in 1212 he suffered a See also:great defeat . He assimilated the coinage of Ireland to that of See also:England, and tried to effect a similar reform in Irish See also:law . De Gray was a See also:good financier, and could always raise See also:money: this probably explains the favour he enjoyed from King John . In 1213 he is found with 500 knights at the great See also:muster at See also:Barham See also:Downs, when See also:Philip See also:Augustus was threatening to invade England . After John's reconciliation with Innocent he was one of those exempted from the See also:general See also:pardon, and was forced to go in See also:person to See also:Rome to obtain it . At Rome he so completely gained over Innocent that the pope sent him back with papal letters recommending his See also:election to the bishopric of See also:Durham (1213); but he died at St See also:Jean d'Audely in See also:Poitou on his homeward See also:journey (See also:October 1214) .

End of Article: JOHN DE GRAY (d. 1214)
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