GRAZ [GRATZ]  , the capital of the Austrian duchy and crown-land of Styria, 14o m . S.W. of Vienna by rail . Pop . (1900) 138,370 . It is picturesquely situated on both banks of the Mur, just where this river enters a broad and fertile valley, and the beauty of its position has given rise to the punning French description, La Ville des graces sur la riviere de l'amour . The main town lies on the left bank of the river at the foot of the Schloss-berg (1545 ft.) which dominates the town . The beautiful valley traversed by the Mur, known as the Grazer Feld and bounded by the Wildonerberge, extends to the south; to the S.W. rise the Bacher Gebirge and the Koralpen; to the N. the Schockel (4745 ft.), and to the N.W. the Alps of Upper Styria . On the Schlossberg, which can be ascended by a cable tramway, beautiful parks have been laid out, and on its top is the bell-tower, 6o ft. high, and the quaint clock-tower, 52 ft. high, which bears a gigantic clock-dial . At the foot of the Schlossberg is the Stadt-Park . Among the numerous churches of the city the most important is the cathedral of St Aegidius, a Gothic building erected by the emperor Frederick III. in 1450–1462 on the site of a previous church mentioned as early as 1157 . It has been several times modified and redecorated, more particularly in 1718 . The present copper spire dates from 1863 .

The interior is richly adorned with stained-

glass windows of modern date, costly shrines, paintings and tombs . In the immediate neighbourhood of the cathedral is the mausoleum church erected by the emperor Ferdinand II . Worthy of mention also are the parish church, a Late Gothic building, finished in 1520, and restored in 1875, which possesses an altar piece by Tintoretto; the Augustinian church, appropriated to the service of the university since 1827; of the " fount of tears," and his characteristic melancholy, except in the few hours when it was indeed black, was not a pitiable state; rather, it was one secret of the charm both of the man and of the poet . A very complete bibliography of Gray will be found in Dr . Bradshaw's edition of the poems in the Aldine series . Dodsley published ten of the poems, exclusive of the " Long Story," in 1768 . Mason's Life of Gray (1778) included the poems and some hitherto unpublished fragments, with a selection from his letters, much garbled . Mathias in 1814 reprinted Mason's edition and added much from Gray's MS. commentaries together with some more of his translations . The most exhaustive edition of Gray's writings was achieved by the Rev . John Mitford, who first did justice to the correspondence with Wharton and Norton Nicholls (5 vols., Pickering, 1836–1843; correspondence of Gray and Mason, Bentley, 1853) ; see also the edition of the works by Edmund Gosse (4 vols . 1884) ; the Life by the same in Eng . Men of Letters (2nd ed., 1889); some further relics are given in Gray and His Friends by D .

C . Tovey (

Cambridge, 1890) ; and a new edition of the letters copiously annotated by D . C . Tovey is in the Standard Library (19oo–19o7) . Nicholl's Illustrations, vol. vi. p . 805, quoted by Professor Kittredge in the Nation, Sept . 12th, 1900, gives the true story of Gray's migration to Pembroke College . Matthew Arnold's essay on Gray in Ward's English Poets is one of the minor classics of literary criticism . (D . C .