OF NYSSA ST See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• OF NYSSA ST GREGORY (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

GREGORY (c.331—c. 396)  , one of the four See also:

• GREAT

great fathers of the Eastern See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church, designated by one of the later ecumenical See also:

• COUNCILS

councils as " a See also:

• FATHER

father of fathers," was a younger See also:

• BROTHER

brother of See also:

• BASIL (Russ. VASILY)

Basil (the Great), See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of Caesarea, and was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born (probably) at Neocaesarea about A.D . 331 . For his See also:

• EDUCATION

education he was chiefly indebted to his See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder brother . At a comparatively See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age he entered the church, and held for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of anagnost or reader; subsequently he manifested a See also:

• DESIRE

desire to devote himself to the See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular See also:

• LIFE

life as a rhetorician, an impulse which was checked by the See also:

• EARNEST (probably a corruption of the obsolete arles or erles, adapted from Lat. equivalent arrha, due to a confusion with the adjective " earnest," serious, O. Eng. eornust, cognate with Ger. ernst)

earnest remonstrances of See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory of Nazianzus . Finally, in 371 or 372 he was ordained by his brother Basil to the bishopric of Nyssa, a small See also:

• TOWN

town in See also:

• CAPPADOCIA

Cappadocia . Here he is usually said (but on inadequate data) to have adopted the See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion then gaining ground in favour of the See also:

• CELIBACY (Lat. caelibatus, from caelebs, unmarried)

celibacy of the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy, and to have separated from his wife Theosebia, who became a See also:

• DEACONESS (i7 &locovos or &aKhvuraa, servant, minister)

deaconess in the church . His strict orthodoxy on the subject of the Trinity and the Incarnation, together with his vigorous eloquence, combined to make him peculiarly See also:

• OBNOXIOUS (Lat. obnoxiosus, from ob, over, against, and noxa, harm)

obnoxious to the Arian See also:

• FACTION (through the French, from Lat. factio, a company of persons combined for action, facere, to do; from the other French derivative facon comes " fashion ")

faction, which was at that time in the ascendant through the See also:

• PROTECTION

protection of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• VALENS

Valens; and in 375, the See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

synod of See also:

• ANCYRA (mod. Angora, q.v.)

Ancyra, convened by See also:

• DEMETRIUS

Demetrius the Arian See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of See also:

• PONTUS

Pontus, condemned him for alleged irregularities in his See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election and in the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of the finances of his See also:

• DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese . In 376 he was deprived of his see, and Valens sent him into See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile, whence he did not return till the publication of the See also:

• EDICT (Lat. edictum, from e, out, and dicere, to say, speak)

edict of See also:

• GRATIAN (FLAvrus GRATIANUS AUGUSTUS)

Gratian in 378 . Shortly afterwards he took See also:

• PART

part in the proceedings of the synod which met at See also:

• ANTIOCH

Antioch in See also:

• CARIA

Caria, principally in connexion with the Meletian See also:

• SCHISM

schism . At the great ecumenical See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council held at See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople in 381, he was a conspicuous See also:

• CHAMPION (Fr. champion, Late Lat. campio from campus; a field or open space, i.e. one " who takes the field " or fights; cf. Ger. Kampf, battle, and Kampfer, fighter)

champion of the orthodox faith; according to Nicephorus, indeed, the additions made to the Nicene creed were entirely due to his See also:

• SUGGESTION

suggestion, but this statement is of doubtful authority . That his eloquence was highly appreciated is shown by the facts that he pronounced the discourse at the See also:

• CONSECRATION (Lat. consecrallo, from con and sacrare, " to make sacred ")

consecration of Gregory of Nazianzus, and that he was chosen to deliver the funeral oration on the See also:

• DEATH

death of Meletius the first See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the council . In the following See also:

• YEAR

year, moreover (382), he was commissioned by the council to inspect and set in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order the churches of See also:

• ARABIA

Arabia, in connexion with which See also:

• MISSION

mission he also visited See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem .

The impressions he gathered from this See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey may, in part at least, be gathered from his famous See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter De euntibus Hierosolyma, in which an opinion strongly unfavourable to pilgrimages is expressed . In 383 he was probably again in Constantinople; where in 385 he pronounced the funeral orations of the princess Pulcheria and afterwards of the empress Placilla . Once more we read of him in 394 as having been See also:

• PRESENT

present in that See also:

• METROPOLIS (Gr. piir17Pi mother, srGXis, city)

metropolis at the synod held under the See also:

• PRESIDENCY

presidency of Nectarius to See also:

• SETTLE
• SETTLE, ELKANAH (1648–1724)

settle a controversy which had arisen among the bishops of Arabia; in the same year he assisted at the consecration of the new church of the apostles at See also:

• CHALCEDON
• CHALCEDON, COUNCIL OF

Chalcedon, on which occasion there is See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to believe that his discourse commonly but wrongly known as that Eis rrly iavrov xaporoviav was delivered . The exact date of his death is unknown; some authorities refer it to 376, others to 400: His festival is observed by the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek Church on the loth of See also:

• JANUARY

January; in the Western martyrologies he is commemorated on the 9th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March . Gregory of Nyssa was not so See also:

• FIRM

firm and able an See also:

• ADMINISTRATOR

administrator as his brother Basil, nor so magnificent an orator as Gregory of Nazianzus, but he excelled them both, alike as a speculative and constructive theologian, and in the wide extent of his acquirements . His teaching, though strictly trinitarian, shows considerable freedom and originality of thought; in many points his See also:

• MENTAL

mental and spiritual See also:

• AFFINITIES

affinities with See also:

• ORIGEN (c. 185-c. 254)

Origen show themselves with See also:

• ADVANTAGE

advantage, as in his See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine of azroicaraQravis or final restoration . There are marked pantheistic tendencies, e.g. the inclusion of See also:

• SIN
• SIN (O. Eng. syn: a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zonde, Ger. Siinde)

sin as a necessary part of the cosmical See also:

• PROCESS

process, which make him akin to the pantheistic See also:

• MONOPHYSITES (Gr. ,uovocva"erat)

monophysites and to some See also:

• MODERN

modern thinkers . His See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style has been frequently praised by competent authorities for sweetness, richness and elegance . His numerous See also:

• WORKS

works may be classified under five heads: (I) See also:

• TREATISES

Treatises in doctrinal and polemical See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology . Of these the most important is that Against See also:

• EUNOMIUS (d. c. 393)

Eunomius in twelve books . Its doctrinal thesis (which is supported with great philosophic acumen and rhetorical See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power) is the divinity and consubstantiality of the Word; incidentally the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of Basil, which Eunomius had aspersed, is vindicated, and the heretic himself is held up to scorn and contempt . This is the See also:

• WORK

work which, most probably in a shorter draft, was read by its author when at Constantinople before Gregory Nazianzen and See also:

• JEROME, JEROME KLAPKA (1859– )
• JEROME, ST (HIERONYMUS, in full EUSEBIUS SOPHRONIUS HIERONYMUS) (c. 340–420)

Jerome in 381 (Jerome, De vir. See also:

• ILL

ill .

128) . To the same class belong the See also:

• TREATISE

treatise To Ablavius, against the tritheists; On Faith, against the Arians; On See also:

• COMMON

Common Notions, in explanation of the terms in current employment with regard to the Trinity; Ten Syllogisms, against the Manichaeans; To See also:

• THEOPHILUS

Theophilus, against the Apollinarians; an Antirrhetic against the same; Against See also:

• FATE

Fate, a disputation with a See also:

• HEATHEN

heathen philosopher; De anima et resurrectione, a See also:

• DIALOGUE

dialogue with his dying See also:

• SISTER

sister Macrina; and the Oratio catechetica magna, an argnent for the incarnation as the best possible See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of redemption, intended to convince educated pagans and See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews . (2) See also:

• PRACTICAL

Practical treatises . To this See also:

• CATEGORY (Gr. Karrlyopia, " accusation ")

category belong the tracts On Virginity and On Pilgrimages; as also the Canonical See also:

• EPISTLE

Epistle upon the rules of See also:

• PENANCE (Old Fr. penance, fr. Lat. poenitentia, penitence)

penance . (3) Expository and homiletical works, including the Hexaemeron, and several See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of discourses On the Workmanship of See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

Man, On the See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

Inscriptions of the See also:

• PSALMS, BOOK
• PSALMS, BOOK OF, or PSALTER

Psalms, On the See also:

• SIXTH

Sixth See also:

• PSALM (from the Gr. word * hXAew, to play the harp)

Psalm, On the first three Chapters of See also:

• ECCLESIASTES (Heb. n5np, Kohelet, "Koheleth "; Sept. EKKarlveamrils; Jerome concionator)

Ecclesiastes, On See also:

• CANTICLES

Canticles, On the See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord's See also:

• PRAYER (from Lat. precari, entreat; Ital. pregaria, Fr. priere)
• PRAYER, BOOK OF COMMON

Prayer and On the Eight Beatitudes . (4) See also:

• BIOGRAPHICAL

Biographical, consisting chiefly of funeral orations . (5) Letters . The only See also:

• COMPLETE

complete See also:

• EDITIONS

editions of the whole works are those by Fronton le Due (See also:

• FRONTO, MARCUS CORNELIUS (c. A.D. 100–170)

Fronto Ducaus, See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1615; with additions, 1618 and 1638) and by See also:

• MIGNE, JACQUES PAUL (1800-1875)

Migne . G . H . See also:

• FORBES
• FORBES, ALEXANDER PENROSE (1817-1875)
• FORBES, ARCHIBALD (1838-1900)
• FORBES, DAVID (1828--1876)
• FORBES, DUNCAN
• FORBES, EDWARD (1815—1854)
• FORBES, JAMES DAVID (1809—1868)
• FORBES, SIR JOHN (1787—1861)

Forbes began an excellent See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical edition, but only two parts of the first See also:

• VOLUME

volume appeared (See also:

• BURNTISLAND

Burntisland, 1855 and 1861) containing the Explicatio apologetica in hexaemeron and the De opificio hominis . Of the new edition projected by F .

See also:

• OEHLER, GUSTAV FRIEDRICH (1812-1872)

Oehler only the first volume, containing the See also:

• OPERA (Italian for " work ")

Opera dogmatica, has appeared (1865) . There have been numerous editions of several single treatises, as for example of the Oratio catechetica (J . G . Krabinger, See also:

• MUNICH (Ger. Munchen)

Munich, 1838; J . H . Crawley, See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, 1903), De precatione and De anima et resurrectione . See F . W . See also:

• FARRAR, FREDERIC WILLIAM (1831-1903)

Farrar, Lives of the Fathers, ii . 56-83, the monograph by L . (Gregors, See also:

• DES

des Bischofs von Nyssa, Leben and Meinungen, eipzig, 1834), and compare P . Heyns (Disputatio historico-theologica de See also:

• GREG, WILLIAM RATHBONE (1809–1881)

Greg .

Nyss., 1835), C . W . Moller (Gregorii Nyss. doctrinam de hominis natura et illustravit et cum Origeniana comparavit, 1854) and J . N . Stigler, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Psychologie des h . Gregors von Nyssa (See also:

• REGENSBURG (RATISBON)

Regensburg, 1857), and many smaller monographs cited in Hauck-See also:

• HERZOG, HANS (1819–1894)
• HERZOG, JOHANN JAKOB (1805-1882)

Herzog's Realencyk. See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur prof . Theol. vii . 149 .