See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

GREGORY THE ILLUMINATOR  , the reputed founder of the Armenian See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church . His See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend is briefly as follows . His See also:

• FATHER

father Anak, See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the See also:

• PARTHIAN

Parthian See also:

• CLAN (Gaelic clann, O. Ir. cland, connected with Lat. planta, shoot or scion, the ancient Gaelic or Goidelic substituting k for p)

clan of Suren, was bribed about the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of his See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth (c . 2S7) by the See also:

• SASSANID, or SASSANIAN DYNASTY (Or SASANIAN)

Sassanid See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• PERSIA

Persia to assassinate the Armenian king, See also:

• CHOSROES

Chosroes, who was of the old Arsacid See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty, and father of See also:

• TIRIDATES, or TERIDATES

Tiridates or Trdat, first See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian king of See also:

• ARMENIA (old Persian Armina, Armenian Hayasdan, or Hayq)

Armenia . Anak was slain by his victim's soldiers; See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory-was rescued by his Christian See also:

• NURSE (a shortened form of the earlier " nourice," adapted through the French from Lat. nutrix, nu/rite, to nourish)

nurse, carried to Caesarea in See also:

• CAPPADOCIA

Cappadocia, and brought up a Christian . Grown to manhood he took service under Tiridates, now king of Armenia, in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order by his own fidelity to atone for his father's treachery . Presently at a feast of Anahite Gregory refused to assist his See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign in offering See also:

• PAGAN
• PAGAN (Lat. paganus, of or belonging to a pagus, a canton, county district, village, commune)

pagan See also:

• SACRIFICE (from Lat. sacrificium; sacer, holy, and facere, to make)

sacrifice, and his parentage being now revealed, was thrown into a deep See also:

• PIT (O. E. pytt, cognate with Du. put, Ger. Pfutze, &c., all ultimately adaptations of Lat. puteus, well, formed from root pu-, to cleanse, whence gurus, clean, pure)

pit at Artashat, where he languished for fourteen years, during which persecution raged in Armenia . The See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of the legend now shifts to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, where See also:

• DIOCLETIAN (GAIUs AURELIUS VALERIUS DIOCLETIANUS) (A.D. 245–313)
• DIOCLETIAN, EDICT OF (De Pretiis rerum venalium)

Diocletian falls in love with a lovely See also:

• NUN (O. Eng. nunne, from Lat. nonnus, nonna, familiar terms for an old man or woman)

nun named Ripsime; she, rather than gratify his See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion, flees with her See also:

• ABBESS (Lat. abbatissa, fem. form of abbas, abbot)

abbess Gaiana and several priests to Armenia . Diocletian asks her back of Tiridates, who meanwhile has fallen in love with her himself . He too is flouted, and in his rage tortures and slays her and her companions . The traditional date of this See also:

• MASSACRE

massacre is th 5th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October, A.D . 301 .

See also:

• PROVIDENCE

Providence, incensed at such See also:

• CRUELTY (through the O. Fr. crualte, mod. cruaute, from the Lat. crudelitas)

cruelty, turns Tiridates into a See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild See also:

• BOAR (0. Eng. bar; the word is found only in W. Ger. languages, cf. Dutch beer, Ger. Eber)

boar, and afflicts his subjects with madness; but his See also:

• SISTER

sister, Chosrowidukht, has a See also:

• REVELATION, BOOK OF

revelation to bring Gregory back out of his pit . The king consents, the See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

saint is acclaimed, the bodies of the See also:

• THIRTY

thirty-seven martyrs solemnly interred, and the king, after, See also:

• FASTING (from " fast," derived from old Teutonic fastejan; synonyms being the Gr. vnorebety, late Lat. jejunare)

fasting five, and listening to Gregory's homilies for sixty days, is healed . This all took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place at Valarshapat, where Gregory, anxious to See also:

• FIX, THEODORE (180o-1846)

fix a site on which to build shrines for the See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics of Ripsime and Gaiana, saw the Son of See also:

• GOD

God come down in a sheen of See also:

• LIGHT

light, the stars of See also:

• HEAVEN (0. Eng. hefen, heofon, heofone; this word appears in O.S. hevan; the High. Ger. word appears in Ger. Himmel, Dutch hemel; there does not seem to be any connexion between the two words, and the ultimate derivation of the word is unknown; the sugges

heaven attending, and smite the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth with a See also:

• GOLDEN

golden See also:

• HAMMER, FRIEDRICH JULIUS (1810-1862)

hammer till the nether See also:

• WORLD

world resounded to his blows . Three chapels were built on the spot, and Gregory raised his See also:

• CROSS

cross there and elsewhere for the See also:

• PEOPLE

people to See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship, just as St Nino was doing about the same time in See also:

• GEORGIA

Georgia . There followed a See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign against the idols whose temples and books were destroyed . The time had now come for Gregory, who was still a layman and father of two sons, to receive ordination; so he went to Caesarea, where See also:

• LEONTIUS

Leontius ordained and consecrated him catholicos or See also:

• VICAR (Lat. vicarius, substitute)

vicar-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of Armenia . This was sometime about 290, when Leontius may have acceded, though we first hear of him as See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop in 314 . Gregory's ordination at Caesarea is See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical . The See also:

• VISION (from Lat. videre, to see), or SIGHT

vision at Valarshapat was invented later by the Armenians when they See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke with the Greeks, in order to give to their church the semblance, if not of apostolic, at least of divine origin . According to See also:

• AGATHANGELUS, AGATHANGE

Agathangelus, Tiridates went to Rome with Gregory, Aristaces, son of Gregory, and Albianos, head of the other priestly See also:

• FAMILY

family, to make a pact with See also:

• CONSTANTINE

Constantine, newly converted to the faith, and receive a See also:

• PALLIUM

pallium from See also:

• SILVESTER

Silvester . The better See also:

• SOURCES

sources make See also:

• SARDICA, COUNCIL OF

Sardica the scene of See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting and name See also:

• EUSEBIUS
• EUSEBIUS (Gr. EuOi/3tos, from ebaegils, pious, cf. the Latin name Pius)
• EUSEBIUS [OF CAESAREA] (c. 260-c. 340)
• EUSEBIUS [OF EMESA] (d. c. "36o)

Eusebius (of See also:

• NICOMEDIA [mod. Ismid]

Nicomedia) as the See also:

• PRELATE (Lat. praelatus, set above, from praefero, prefer)

prelate who attended Constantine . There is no See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to doubt that some such visit was made about the See also:

• YEAR

year 315, when the See also:

• DEATH

death of Maximin Daza See also:

• LEFT

left Constantine supreme .

Eusebius testifies (H.E. ix . 8) that the Armenians were ardent Christians, and See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends and See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies of the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• EMPIRE

empire when Maximin attacked them about the year 308 . The See also:

• CONVERSION (Lat. conversio, from convertere, to turn or ,change)

conversion of Tiridates was probably a See also:

• MATTER

matter of policy . His See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom was honeycombed with See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity, and he wished to draw closer to the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West, where he foresaw the victory of the new faith, in order to fortify his See also:

• REALM

realm against the Sassanids of Persia . Following the same policy he sent Aristaces in 325 to the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• NICE

Nice . Gregory is related to have added a clause to the creed which Aristaces brought back; he became a See also:

• HERMIT

hermit on See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount Sebuh about the year 332, and died there . Is the Ripsime See also:

• EPISODE

episode See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere legend ? The See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story of the conversion of Georgia by St Nino in the same See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age is so full of See also:

• LOCAL

local See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, and coheres so closely with the story of Ripsime and Gaiana, that it seems over-sceptical to explain the latter away as a .mere doublet of the legend of Prisca and See also:

• VALERIA, VIA

Valeria . The historians Faustus of Byzant and See also:

• LAZAR

Lazar of Pharp in the 5th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century already attest the reverence with which their memory was invested . We know from many sources the prominence assigned to See also:

• WOMEN

women prophets in the Phrygian church . Nino's story reads like that of such a See also:

• FEMALE

female missionary, and something similar must underlie the story of her Armenian companions . The See also:

• HISTORY

history of Gregory by Agathangelus is a compilation of about 450, which was rendered into See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek 550 .

See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor Marr has lately published an Arabic See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text from a MS. in See also:

• SINAI

Sinai which seems to contain an older tradition . A See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter of Bishop See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George of See also:

• ARABIA

Arabia to Jeshu, a See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest of the See also:

• TOWN

town Anab, dated 714 (edited by Dashian, See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, 1891), contains an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent tradition of Gregory, and styles him a Roman by birth . In. spite of legendary accretions we can still discern the true outlines and significance of his See also:

• LIFE

life . He did not really illumine or convert See also:

• GREAT

great Armenia, for the people were in the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main already converted by Syrian missionaries to the Adoptionist or Ebionite type of faith which was dominant in the far See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, and was of terwards known as Nestorianism . Marcionites and Montanists had also worked in the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field . Gregory persuaded Tiridates to destroy the last relics of the old paganism, and carried out in the religious See also:

• SPHERE (Gr. vclsa?pa, a ball or globe)

sphere his sovereign's policy of detaching Great Armenia from the Sassanid realm and allying it with the Graeco-Roman empire and See also:

• CIVILIZATION

civilization . He set himself to Hellenize or Catholicize Armenian Christianity, and in furtherance of this aim set up a See also:

• HIERARCHY (Gr. iepos, holy, and apxe.v, to rule)

hierarchy officially dependent on the Cappadocian . He in effect turned his See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country into a See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of the Greek see of Cappadocia . This hierarchical tie was soon snapped, but the Hellenizing See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence continued to See also:

• WORK

work, and See also:

• BORE

bore its most abundant See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit in the 5th century . His career was thus analogous to that of St See also:

• PATRICK, SIMON (1626–1707)
• PATRICK, ST

Patrick in See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland . (F . C .