GRENOBLE  , the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• DAUPHINE

Dauphine in S.E . See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, and now the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• TOWN

town of the See also:

• ISERE
• ISERE [anc. Isara]

Isere See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department, 75 M. by See also:

• RAIL

rail from See also:

• LYONS
• LYONS (Fr. Lyon)
• LYONS, COUNCILS OF
• LYONS, EDMUND LYONS, BARON (1790-1858)
• LYONS, RICHARD BICKERTON PEMELL LYONS, 1ST EARL (1817–1887)

Lyons, 381 m. from See also:

• CHAMBERY

Chambery and 852 m. from See also:

• GAP

Gap . Pop . (1906), town, 58,641; See also:

• COMMUNE (Med. Lat. communia, Lat. communis, common)
• COMMUNE, MEDIEVAL

commune, 73,022 . It is one of the most beautifully situated, and also one of the most strongly fortified, cities in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . Built at a height of 702 ft. on both See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of the See also:

• RIVER

river Isere just above its junction with the Drac, the town occupies a considerable See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain at the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-western end of the fertile Graisivaudan valley . To the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north rise the mountains of the Grande See also:

• CHARTREUSE
• CHARTREUSE, LA GRANDE

Chartreuse, to the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east the range of Belle-See also:

• DONNE, JOHN (1573–1631)

donne, and to the south those of Taillefer and the Moucherotte, the higher summits of these ranges being partly covered with See also:

• SNOW (in O. Eng. sndw; a common Indo-European word; cf. in Teutonic languages, Ger. Schnee, Du. sneeuw; in Slavonic snieg', Lith. snegas; Gr. vi4a, Lat. nix, nivis, whence the Romanic forms, Ital. neve, Fr. neige, &c.; Ir. and Gael. sneachd; the original

snow . From the Jardin de Ville and the quays of the banks of the Isere the See also:

• SUMMIT

summit of Mont See also:

• BLANC, (JEAN JOSEPH CHARLES) LOUIS (1811-1882)
• BLANC, MONT

Blanc itself is visible . The greater See also:

• PART

part of the town rises on the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• BANK

bank of the Isere, which is bordered by broad quays . The older portion has the tortuous and narrow streets usual in towns that have been confined within fortifications, but in See also:

• MODERN

modern times these hindrances have been demolished . The newer portion of the town has wide thorough-fares and buildings of the modern See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French type, solid but not picturesque . The See also:

• ORIGINAL

original town (of but small extent) was built on the right bank of the Isere at the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• FOOT

foot of the Mont Rachais, now covered by a See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession of fortresses that rise picturesquely on the slope of that See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill to a very considerable height (885 ft. above the town) .

Grenoble is the seat of a bishopric which was founded in the 4th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and now comprises the department of the Isere—formerly a See also:

• SUFFRAGAN (Med. Lat. suffraganeus suffragator, one who assists, from suffragari, to vote in favour of, to support)

suffragan of See also:

• VIENNE
• VIENNE, COUNCIL OF

Vienne it now forms part of the ecclesiastical See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Lyons . The most remarkable See also:

• BUILDING

building in the town is the Palais de See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

Justice, erected (See also:

• LATE

late 15th century to 16th century) on the site of the old See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace of the See also:

• PARLEMENT (see PARLIAMENT)

Parlement of the Dauphine . Opposite is the most noteworthy See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, that of St See also:

• ANDRE, JOHN (1751-178o)

Andre (13th century), formerly the See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel of the dauphins of the Viennois: in it is the 17th century See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument of See also:

• BAYARD, PIERRE TERRAIL, SEIGNEUR DE (1473–1524)
• BAYARD, THOMAS FRANCIS (1828-1898)

Bayard (1476–1524), the See also:

• CHEVALIER, ALBERT (1861– )
• CHEVALIER, MICHEL (1806-1879)
• CHEVALIER, ULYSSE (1841– )

chevalier sans See also:

• PEAR (Pyrus communis)

pear et sans reproche, which was removed hither in 1822; but it is uncertain whose bones are therein . The See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral church of Notre See also:

• DAME
• DAME (through the Fr. from Lat. domina, mistress, lady, the feminine of dominus, master, lord)

Dame is a heavy building, dating in part from the 11th century . The church of St See also:

• LAURENT, FRANCOIS (1810–1887)

Laurent, on the right bank of the Isere, is the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest in the city (I1th century) and has a remarkable See also:

• CRYPT (Lat. crypta, from the Gr. Kp&arrew, to hide)

crypt, dating from Merovingian times . The town See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall is a mainly modern building, constructed on the site of the palace of the dauphins, while the prefecture is entirely modern . The town library contains a considerable collection of paintings, mainly of the modern French school, but is more remarkable for its very See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich collection of See also:

• MSS

MSS . (700o) and printed books (250,000 vols.) which in See also:

• GREAT

great part belonged till 1793 to the monastery of the Grande Chartreuse . The natural See also:

• HISTORY

history museum houses rich collections of various kinds, which contain (inter See also:

• CILIA (plural of Lat. cilium, eyelash)

cilia) numerous See also:

• GEOLOGICAL

geological specimens from the neighbouring districts of the Dauphine and See also:

• SAVOY, HOUSE
• SAVOY, HOUSE OF

Savoy . The university, revived in modern times after a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• ABEYANCE (O. Fr. abeance, " gaping")

abeyance, occupies a modern building, as does also the See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital, though founded as far back as the r5th century . There are numerous See also:

• SOCIETIES, LEARNED

societies in the town, including the Academie Delphinale (founded in 1972), and many charitable institutions . The See also:

• STAPLE

staple See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry of Grenoble is the manufacture of kid gloves, most of the so-called gants Jouvin being made here—they are named after the reviver of the See also:

• ART

art, X .

Jouvin (1800-1844) . There are about 8o See also:

• GLOVE (O. Eng. glof, perhaps connected with Gothic lofa, the palm of the hand)

glove factories, which employ 18,5oo persons (of whom 15,000 are See also:

• WOMEN

women), the See also:

• ANNUAL

annual output being about 800,000 dozen pairs of gloves . Among other articles produced at Grenoble are artificial cements, See also:

• LIQUEURS

liqueurs, See also:

• STRAW

straw hats and carved See also:

• FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture . Grenoble occupies the site of Cularo, a See also:

• VILLAGE

village of the See also:

• ALLOBROGES (in Gr. usually 'AXX6j3peryes)

Allobroges, which only became of importance when fortified by See also:

• DIOCLETIAN (GAIUs AURELIUS VALERIUS DIOCLETIANUS) (A.D. 245–313)
• DIOCLETIAN, EDICT OF (De Pretiis rerum venalium)

Diocletian and Maximian at the end of the 3rd century . Its See also:

• PRESENT

present name is a corruption of Gratianopolis, a See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title assumed probably in See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of See also:

• GRATIAN (FLAvrus GRATIANUS AUGUSTUS)

Gratian (4th century), who raised it to the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of a civitas . After passing under the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of the Burgundians (c . 440) and the See also:

• FRANKS
• FRANKS, SIR AUGUSTUS WOLLASTON (1826-1897)

Franks (532) it became part of the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of See also:

• PROVENCE (Provincia, Proenza)

Provence (879-1032) . On the break-up of that kingdom a long struggle for supremacy ensued between the bishops of the city and the See also:

• COUNTS

counts of Albon, the latter finally winning the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day in the 12th century, and taking the title of Dauphins of the Viennois in the 13th century . In 1349 Grenoble was ceded with the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of the Dauphine to France, but retained various municipal privileges which had been granted by the dauphins to the town, originally by a See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter of 1242 . In 1562 it was sacked by the Protestants under the See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

baron See also:

• DES

des Adrets, but in 1572 the firmness of its See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor, See also:

• BERTRAND, HENRI GRATIEN, COMTE (1773-1844)

Bertrand de Gordes, saved it from a repetition of the See also:

• MASSACRE

Massacre of St See also:

• BARTHOLOMEW, JOHN (1831-1893)
• BARTHOLOMEW, SAINT

Bartholomew . In 1590 See also:

• LESDIGUIERES, FRANCOIS DE BONNE

Lesdiguieres (1543-1626) took the town in the name of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry IV., then still a See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant, and during his long governorship (which lasted to his See also:

• DEATH

death) did much for it by the construction of fortifications, quays, &c . In 1788 the See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king to weaken the power of the parlement of Grenoble (which, though strictly a judicial authority, had preserved traditions of See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence, since the suspension of the states-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the Dauphine in 1628) roused the See also:

• PEOPLE

people to arms, and the " day of the tiles " (7th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1788) is memorable for the defeat of the royal forces .

In 1790, on the formation of the department of the Isere, Grenoble became its capital . Grenoble was thg first important town to open its See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates to See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon on his return from See also:

• ELBA (Gr. AiWaXla; Lat. Ilva)

Elba (7th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1815), but a few months later (See also:

• JULY

July) it was obliged to surrender to the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army . Owing to its situation Grenoble was formerly much subject to floods, particularly in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of the See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild Drac . One of the worst took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in 1219, while that of 1778 was known as the See also:

• DELUGE, THE (through the Fr. from Lat. diluvium, flood, diluere, to wash away)

deluge de la See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint Crepin . Among the celebrities who have been See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Grenoble are Vaucanson (1709-1782), Mably (1709-1785), See also:

• CONDILLAC, ETIENNE BONNOT DE (1715—178o)

Condillac (1715-1780), See also:

• BEYLE, MARIE HENRI (1783-1842)

Beyle, best known as Stendhal, his nom de guerre (1783-1842), See also:

• BARNAVE, ANTOINE PIERRE JOSEPH MARIE (1761-1793)

Barnave (1761-1793) and Casimir See also:

• PERIER, CASIMIR PIERRE (1777-1832)

Perier (1977-1832) . See A . Prudhomme, Histoire de Grenoble (1888); X . Roux, La See also:

• CORPORATION (from Lat. corporare, to form into a body, corpus, corporis)

Corporation des gantiers de Grenoble (1887) ; H . See also:

• DUHAMEL, JEAN BAPTISTE (1624-1706)

Duhamel, Grenoble considers comme centre d'excursions (1902); J . See also:

• MARION
• MARION, FRANCIS (1732-1795)
• MARION, HENRI FRANCOIS (1846-1896)

Marion, Cartulaires de l'eglise cathedrale de Grenoble (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1869) . (W . A .

B .