See also:EDMUND See also:GRINDAL (c. 1519–1583)
, successively See also:bishop of See also:London, See also:archbishop of See also:York and archbishop of See also:Canterbury, See also:born about 1519, was son of See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Grindal, a See also:farmer of Hensingham, in the See also:parish of St Bees, See also:Cumberland
.
He was educated at Magdalene and See also:Christ's Colleges and then at See also:Pembroke See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
Hall, See also:Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. and was elected See also:fellow in 1538
.
He proceeded M.A. in 1541, was ordained See also:deacon in 1544 and was See also:proctor and See also:Lady See also:Margaret preacher in 1548–1549
.
Probably through the See also:influence of See also:Ridley, who had been See also:master of Pembroke Hall, Grindal was selected as one of the See also:Protestant disputants during the visitation of 1549
.
He had a considerable See also:- TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental
talent for this See also:work and was often employed on similar occasions
.
When Ridley became bishop of London, he made Grindal one of his chaplains and gave him the precentorship of St See also:Paul's
.
He was soon promoted to be one of See also:Edward VI.'s chaplains and See also:prebendary of See also:Westminster, and in See also:October 1552 was one of the six divines to whom the See also:Forty-two articles were submitted for examination before being sanctioned by the Privy See also:Council
.
According to See also:Knox, Grindal distinguished himself from most of the See also:court preachers in 1553 by denouncing the worldliness of the courtiers and foretelling the evils to follow on the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king's See also:death
.
That event frustrated Grindal's proposed See also:elevation to the episcopal See also:bench and he did not consider himself See also:bound to await the evils which he had foretold
.
He abandoned his preferments
on See also:Mary's See also:accession and made his way to See also:Strassburg
.
Thence, like so many of the Marian exiles, he proceeded to Frankfurt, where he endeavoured to compose the disputes between the " Coxians " (see See also:Cox, See also:RICHARD), who regarded the 1552 See also:Prayer See also:Book as the perfection of reform, and the Knoxians, who wanted further simplification
.
He returned to See also:England in See also:January 1559, was appointed one of the See also:committee to revise the See also:liturgy, and one of the Protestant representatives at the Westminster See also:conference
.
In See also:July he was also elected Master of Pembroke Hall in See also:succession to the See also:recusant Dr See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Young (1514—1580) and Bishop of London in succession to See also:Bonner
.
Grindal himself was, however, inclined to be recalcitrant from different motives
.
He had qualms about See also:vestments and other traces of " popery " as well as about the Erastianism of See also:Elizabeth's ecclesiastical See also:government
.
His Protestantism was robust enough; he did not mind recommending that a See also:priest " might be put to some torment " (See also:Hatfield See also:MSS. i
.
269) ; and in October 1562 he wrote to See also:Cecil begging to know " if that second See also:Julian, the king of See also:Navarre, is killed; as he intended to preach at St Paul's See also:Cross, and might take occasion to mention See also:God's judgements on him " (Domestic Cal., 1547—158o, p
.
209)
.
But he was loth to execute judgments upon See also:English Puritans, and See also:modern high churchmen complain of his infirmity of purpose, his opportunism and his failure to give See also:Parker adequate assistance in rebuilding the shattered fabric of the English See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church
.
Grindal lacked that See also:firm faith in the supreme importance of uniformity and See also:autocracy which enabled See also:Whitgift to persecute with a clear See also:conscience nonconformists whose See also:theology was indistinguishable from his own
.
Perhaps he was as See also:wise as his critics; at any See also:rate the rigour which he repudiated hardly brought See also:peace or strength to the Church when practised by his successors, and London, which was always a difficult see, involved Bishop See also:Sandys in similar tronbles when Grindal had gone to York
.
As it was, although Parker said that Grindal " was not resolute and severe enough for the government of London," his attempts to enforce the use of the See also:surplice evoked angry protests, especially in 1565, when considerable See also:numbers of the nonconformists were suspended; and Grindal of his own See also:motion denounced See also:Cartwright to the Council in 1570
.
Other anxieties were brought upon him by the burning of his See also:cathedral in 1561, for although Grindal himself is said to have contributed £1200 towards its rebuilding, the laity of his See also:diocese were niggardly with their subscriptions and even his See also:clergy were not liberal
.
In 1570 Grindal was translated to the archbishopric of York, where Puritans were few and See also:coercion would be required mainly for See also:Roman Catholics
.
His first See also:letter from Cawood to Cecil told that he had not been well received, that the gentry were not " well-affected to godly See also:religion and among the See also:common See also:people many superstitious practices remained." It is admitted by his See also:Anglican critics that he did the work of enforcing uniformity against the Roman Catholics with See also:good-will and considerable tact
.
He must have given See also:general See also:satisfaction, for even before Parker's death two persons so different as See also:Burghley and See also:Dean See also:Nowell independently recommended Grindal's See also:appointment as his successor, and See also:Spenser speaks warmly of him in the Shepherd's See also:Calendar as the " See also:gentle shepherd Algrind." Burghley wished to conciliate the moderate Puritans and advised Grindal to mitigate the severity which had characterized Parker's treatment of the nonconformists
.
Grindal indeed attempted a reform of the ecclesiastical courts, but his metropolitical activity was cut See also:short by a conflict with the arbitrary See also:temper of the See also:queen
.
Elizabeth required Grindal to suppress the " prophesyings
or meetings for discussion which had come into See also:vogue among the Puritan clergy, and she even wanted him to discourage See also:preaching; she would have no See also:doctrine that was not inspired by her authority
.
Grindal remonstrated, claiming some See also:voice for the Church, and in See also:June 1577 was suspended from his. jurisdictional, though not his spiritual, functions for disobedience
.
He stood firm, and in January 1 578 Secretary See also:- WILSON, ALEXANDER (1766-1813)
- WILSON, HENRY (1812–1875)
- WILSON, HORACE HAYMAN (1786–1860)
- WILSON, JAMES (1742—1798)
- WILSON, JAMES (1835— )
- WILSON, JAMES HARRISON (1837– )
- WILSON, JOHN (1627-1696)
- WILSON, JOHN (178 1854)
- WILSON, ROBERT (d. 1600)
- WILSON, SIR DANIEL (1816–1892)
- WILSON, SIR ROBERT THOMAS (1777—1849)
- WILSON, SIR WILLIAM JAMES ERASMUS
- WILSON, THOMAS (1663-1755)
- WILSON, THOMAS (c. 1525-1581)
- WILSON, WOODROW (1856— )
Wilson informed Burghley that the queen wished to have the archbishop deprived
.
She was dissuaded from this extreme course, but Grindal's See also:sequestration was continued in spite of a See also:petition from See also:Convocation in 1581
for his reinstatement
.
Elizabeth then suggested that he should resign; this he declined to do, and after making an See also:apology to the queen he was reinstated towards the end of 1582
.
But his infirmities were increasing, and while making preparations for his resignation, he died on the 6th of July 1583 and was buried in See also:Croydon parish church
.
He See also:left considerable benefactions to Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, Queen's See also:College, See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford, and Christ's College, Cambridge; he also endowed a See also:free school at St Bees, and left See also:money for the poor of St Bees, Canterbury, See also:Lambeth and Croydon
.
See also:Strype's See also:Life of Grindal is the See also:principal authority ; see also Dict
.
Nat
.
Biogr. and, besides the authorities there cited, See also:Gough's General See also:Index to Parker See also:Soc
.
Publ.; Acts of the Privy Council; Cal. of Hatfield MSS.; See also:Dixon's Hist. of the Church of England; See also:Frere's See also:volume in See also:Stephens' and See also:Hunt's See also:series; Cambridge Mod
.
Hist. vol. iii.; See also:Gee's Elizabethan Clergy; Birt's Elizabethan Religious See also:Settlement; and See also:Pierce's Introduction to the Marprelate Tracts (1909)
.
(A
.
F
.
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