See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

GEORGE See also:

• GEORGE GROTE (1794–1871)

GROTE (1794–1871)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English historian of See also:

• GREECE

Greece, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 17th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1794, at See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

Clay See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill near See also:

• BECKENHAM

Beckenham in See also:

• KENT
• KENT, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• KENT, JAMES (1763-1847)
• KENT, WILLIAM (1685-1748)

Kent . His grandfather, Andreas, originally a See also:

• BREMEN

Bremen See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant, was one of the founders (1st of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1766) of the banking-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• GROTE, GEORGE (1794–1871)

Grote, See also:

• PRESCOTT, WILLIAM HICKLING (1796-1859)

Prescott & See also:

• COMPANY

Company in See also:

• THREAD (0. Eng. praed, literally, that which is twisted, prawan, to twist, to throw, cf. " throwster," a silk-winder, Ger. drehen, to twist, turn, Du. draad, Ger. Draht, thread, wire)

Thread-See also:

• NEEDLE (O. Eng. ncedl; the word appears in various forms in Teutonic languages, Ger. Nadel, Dutch naal, the root being ne-, to sew, cf. Ger. nahen, and probably Lat. nere, to spin, Gr. vi)ats, spinning)

needle See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street, See also:

• LONDON

London (the name of Grote did not disappear from the See also:

• FIRM

firm till 1879) . His See also:

• FATHER

father, also See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George, married (1793) Selina, daughter of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry Peckwell (1747–178.7), See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of the countess of See also:

• HUNTINGDON
• HUNTINGDON, EARLS OF
• HUNTINGDON, SELINA HASTINGS, COUNTESS OF (1707—1791)

Huntingdon's See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel in See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster (descended from a Huguenot See also:

• FAMILY

family, the de Blossets, who had See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• TOURAINE

Touraine on the revocation of the See also:

• EDICT (Lat. edictum, from e, out, and dicere, to say, speak)

Edict of See also:

• NANTES
• NANTES, EDICT OF

Nantes), and had one daughter and ten sons, of whom the historian was the eldest . Educated at first by his See also:

• MOTHER

mother, George Grote was sent to the See also:

• SEVENOAKS

Sevenoaks See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar school (1800–18o4) and afterwards to See also:

• CHARTERHOUSE

Charterhouse (1804-1810), where he studied under Dr Raine in company with Connop See also:

• THIRLWALL, CONNOP (1797-1875)

Thirlwall, George and See also:

• HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

Horace See also:

• WADDINGTON, WILLIAM HENRY (1826–1894)

Waddington and Henry See also:

• HAVELOCK, SIR HENRY (1795-18J7)

Havelock . In spite of Grote's school successes, his father refused to send him to the university and put him in the See also:

• BANK

bank in 181o . He spent all his spare See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in the study of See also:

• CLASSICS

classics, See also:

• HISTORY

history, See also:

• METAPHYSICS
• METAPHYSICS, or METAPHYSIC (from Gr. /sera, after, d v med, things of nature, lots, i.e. the natural universe)

metaphysics and See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• ECONOMY

economy, and in learning See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German, See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French and See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian . Driven by his mother's See also:

• PURITANISM (Lat. puritas, purity)

Puritanism and his father's contempt for See also:

• ACADEMIC

academic learning to outside society, he became intimate with See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• HAY
• HAY (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Heu, Dutch hooi; the root from which it is derived, meaning " to cut," is also seen in " to hew "; cf. " hoe ")
• HAY, GEORGE (1729—1811)
• HAY, GILBERT
• HAY, JOHN (1838–1905)

Hay See also:

• CAMERON, JOHN (1579–1623)
• CAMERON, RICHARD (1648?–168o)
• CAMERON, SIMON (1799-1889)
• CAMERON, VERNEY LOVETT (1844–1894)

Cameron, who strengthened him in his love of See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy, and George W . See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman, through whom he met his wife, See also:

• MISS

Miss Harriet Lewin (see below) . After various difficulties the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place on the 5th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 182o, and was in all respects a happy See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union . In the meanwhile Grote had finally decided his philosophic and political attitude . In 1817 he came under the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David See also:

• RICARDO, DAVID (1772-1823)

Ricardo, and through him of See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

Mill and See also:

• JEREMY, EPISTLE OF

Jeremy See also:

• BENTHAM, GEORGE (1800-1884)
• BENTHAM, JEREMY (1748-1832)

Bentham . He settled in 182o in a house attached to the bank in Threadneedle Street, where his only See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child died a See also:

• WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

week after its See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth .

During Mrs Grote's slow convalescence at See also:

• HAMPSTEAD

Hampstead, he wrote his first published See also:

• WORK

work, the Statement of the Question of See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

Parliamentary Reform (1821), in reply to See also:

• SIR

Sir James See also:

• MACKINTOSH, SIR JAMES (176 1832)

Mackintosh's See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article in the See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review, advocating popular See also:

• REPRESENTATION

representation, See also:

• VOTE

vote by See also:

• BALLOT (from Ital. ballotta, dim. of balla, a ball)

ballot and See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short parliaments . In 1822 he published in the See also:

• MORNING

Morning See also:

• CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

Chronicle (See also:

• APRIL

April) a letteragainst See also:

• CANNING, CHARLES JOHN, EARL (1812-1862)
• CANNING, GEORGE (1770-1827)

Canning's attack on See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• RUSSELL (FAMILY)
• RUSSELL, ISRAEL COOK (1852- )
• RUSSELL, JOHN (1745-1806)
• RUSSELL, JOHN (d. 1494)
• RUSSELL, JOHN RUSSELL, 1ST EARL (1792-1878)
• RUSSELL, JOHN SCOTT (1808–1882)
• RUSSELL, LORD WILLIAM (1639–1683)
• RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD
• RUSSELL, THOMAS (1762-1788)
• RUSSELL, WILLIAM CLARK (1844– )

Russell, and edited, or rather re-wrote, some discursive papers of Bentham, which he published under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title See also:

• ANALYSIS (Gr. avci and Meta, to break up into parts)

Analysis of the Influence of Natural See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

Religion on the Temporal Happiness of Mankind by See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip See also:

• BEAUCHAMP
• BEAUCHAMP, ALPHONSE DE

Beauchamp (1822) . The See also:

• BOOK

book was published in the name of See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard See also:

• CARLILE, RICHARD (1790-1843)

Carlile, then in See also:

• GAOL, or JAIL

gaol at See also:

• DORCHESTER
• DORCHESTER, DUDLEY CARLETON, VISCOUNT (1573-1632)
• DORCHESTER, GUY CARLETON

Dorchester . Though not a member of J . S . Mill's Utilitarian Society (1822–1823), he took a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• INTEREST

interest in a society for See also:

• READING

reading and discussion, which met (from 1823) in a See also:

• ROOM

room at the bank before business See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours twice a week . From the See also:

• POSTHUMOUS

Posthumous Papers (pp . 22, 24) it is clear that Mrs Grote was wrong in asserting that she first in 1823 (autumn) suggested the History of Greece; the book was already in preparation in 1822, though what was then written was subsequently reconstructed . In 1826 Grote published in the Westminster Review (April) a See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism of See also:

• MITFORD, MARY RUSSELL (1787-1855)
• MITFORD, WILLIAM (1744-1827)

Mitford's History of Greece, which shows that his ideas were already in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order . From 1826 to 183o he was hard at work with J . S . Mill and Henry See also:

• BROUGHAM
• BROUGHAM, JOHN (1814-188o)

Brougham in the organization of the new " university " in See also:

• GOWER
• GOWER, JOHN (d. 1408)

Gower Street .

He was a member of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council which organized the faculties and the curriculum; but in 183o, owing to a difference with Mill as to an See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment to one of the philosophical chairs, he resigned his position . In 183o he went abroad, and, attracted by the political crisis, spent some months in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in the society of the Liberal leaders . Recalled by his father's See also:

• DEATH

death (6th of See also:

• JULY

July), he not only became manager of the bank, but took a leading position among the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city Radicals . In 1831 he published his important Essentials of Parliamentary Reform (an elaboration of his previous Statement), and, after refusing to stand as parliamentary See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate for the city in 183 r, changed his mind and was elected See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the See also:

• POLL

poll, with three other Liberals, in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1832 . After serving in three parliaments, he resigned in 1841, by which time his party (" the philosophic Radicals ") had dwindled away . During these years of active public See also:

• LIFE

life, his interest in See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek history and philosophy had increased, and after a trip to See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy in 1842, he severed his connexion with the bank and devoted himself to literature . In 1846 the first two volumes of the History appeared, and the remaining ten between 1847 and the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of 1856 . In 1845 with See also:

• MOLESWORTH, MARY LOUISA (1839- )
• MOLESWORTH, ROBERT MOLESWORTH, 1ST VISCOUNT (1656-1725)
• MOLESWORTH, SIR WILLIAM, BART

Molesworth and See also:

• RAIKES, ROBERT (1735–18,x)

Raikes See also:

• CURRIE, JAMES (1756-1805)
• CURRIE, SIR DONALD (1825-1909)

Currie he gave monetary assistance to Auguste See also:

• COMTE, AUGUSTE [ISIDORE AUGUSTE MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER] (1798-1857)

Comte (q.v.), then in See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial difficulties . The formation of the Sonderbund (loth of July 1847) led him to visit See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland and study for himself a See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of things in some sense analogous to that of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Greek states . This visit resulted in the publication in the Spectator of seven weekly letters, collected in book See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form at the end of 1847 (see a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter to de See also:

• TOCQUEVILLE, ALEXIS HENRI CHARLES MAURICE CLEREL, COMTE DE (1805-18J9)

Tocqueville in Mrs Grote's reprint of the Seven Letters, 1876) . In 1856 Grote began to prepare his See also:

• WORKS

works on See also:

• PLATO

Plato and See also:

• ARISTOTLE
• ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.)

Aristotle . Plato and the Other Companions of Sokrates (3 vols.) appeared in 1865, but the work on Aristotle he was not destined to See also:

• COMPLETE

complete .

He had finished the See also:

• ORGANON (Gr. 6pyavov, instrument, from Epyov, work)

Organon and was about to See also:

• DEAL

deal with the metaphysical and See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical See also:

• TREATISES

treatises when he died on the 18th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1871, and was buried in Westminster See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey . He was a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of strong See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character and self-See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control, unfailing See also:

• COURTESY (O. Fr. curtesie, later courtoisie)

courtesy and unswerving devotion to what he considered the best interests of the nation . To colleagues and subordinates alike, he was considerate and tolerant; he was unassuming, trustworthy in the smallest detail, accurate and comprehensive in thought, energetic and conscientious in See also:

• ACTION

action . Yet, hidden under his See also:

• CALM

calm exterior there was a burning See also:

• ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm and a See also:

• DEPTH

depth of See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion of which only his intimate See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends were aware . His work may best be considered under the following heads: 1 . Grote's Services to See also:

• EDUCATION

Education.—He took, as already stated, an important See also:

• PART

part in the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation and organization of the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original university of London, which began its public work in Gower Street on the 28th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1828, and in 1836, on the See also:

• INCORPORATION (from Lat. incorporare, to form into a body)

incorporation of the university of London proper, became known as University See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College . In 1849 he was re-elected to the council, in 186o he became treasurer, and on the death of Brougham (1868) See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president . He took a keen interest in all the work of the college, presented to it the Marmor Homericum, and finally bequeathed the reversion of £6000 for the endowment of a See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of philosophy of mind and See also:

• LOGIC (Xoy1K7, sc. rixvrt, the art of reasoning)

logic . The emoluments of this sum were, however, to be held over and added to the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal if at any time the holder of the chair should be " a minister of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England or of any other religious persuasion." In 185o the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate of the university was reconstituted, and Grote was one of seven eminent men who were added to it . Eventually he became the strongest See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate for open See also:

• EXAMINATIONS

examinations, for the claims not only of philosophy and classics but also of natural See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science, and, as See also:

• VICE

vice-See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor in 1862, for the See also:

• ADMISSION

admission of See also:

• WOMEN

women to examinations . This latter reform was carried in 1868 . He succeeded his friend Henry See also:

• HALLAM
• HALLAM, ROBERT (d. 1417)

Hallam as a trustee of the See also:

• BRITISH

British Museum in 1859, and took part in the reorganization of the departments of antiquities and natural science .

The honours which he received in recognition of these services were as follows: D.C.L. of See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford (1853); LL.D . See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge (1861); F.R.S . (18J7); honorary See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of ancient history in the Royal See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy (1859) . By the French Academy of Moral and Political Sciences he was made correspondent (1857) and See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign See also:

• ASSOCIATE (Lat. associates, from ad, to, and sociare to join)

associate (the first Englishman since See also:

• MACAULAY, THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY, BARON (1800-1859)

Macaulay) (1864) . In 1869 he refused See also:

• GLADSTONE
• GLADSTONE, JOHN HALL (1827-1902)
• GLADSTONE, WILLIAM EWART (1809–1898)

Gladstone's offer of a See also:

• PEERAGE
• PEERAGE (Fr. pairage, med. Lat. paragium; M.E. Pere, 0. Fr. per, peer, later pair; Lat. Paris, " equal ")

peerage . 2 . Political Career.—In politics Grote belonged to the " philosophic Radicals " of the school of J . S . Mill and Bentham, whose See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief principles were representative See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, vote by ballot, the abolition of a See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state church, frequent elections . He adhered to these principles throughout, and refused to countenance any reforms which were incompatible with them . By this uncompromising attitude, he gradually lost all his supporters See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save a few men of like rigidity . As a See also:

• SPEAKER

speaker, he was clear, logical and impressive, and on select committees his See also:

• COMMON

common sense was most valuable .

For his speeches see A . See also:

• BAIN, ALEXANDER (1818-1903)
• BAIN, ANDREW GEDDES (1797-1864)

Bain in the See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor Works; see also BALLOT . 3 . The History of Greece.—It is on this work that Grote's reputation mainly rests . Though See also:

• HALF

half a See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century has passed since its See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production, it is still in some sense the See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text-book . It consists of two parts, the " Legendary " and the " See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical " Greece . The former, owing to the development of See also:

• COMPARATIVE

comparative See also:

• MYTHOLOGY

mythology, is now of little authority, and portions of part ii. are obsolete owing partly to the immense accumulations of epigraphic and archaeological See also:

• RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research, partly to the subsequent See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of the Aristotelian Constitution of See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens, and partly also to the more careful weighing of See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence which Grote himself misinterpreted . The interest of the work is twofold . In the first place it contains a wonderful See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass of See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information carefully collected from all See also:

• SOURCES

sources, arranged on a See also:

• SIMPLE

simple See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan, and ex-pressed in See also:

• DIRECT

direct forcible See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language . It is in this respect one of the few great comprehensive histories in our See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession, great in See also:

• SCOPE (through Ital. scopo, aim, purpose, intent, from Gr. o'KOaos, mark to shoot at, aim, o ic07reiv, to see, whence the termination in telescope, microscope, &c.)

scope, conception and accomplishment . But more than this it is interesting as among the first works in which Greek history became a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate study, based on real evidence and governed by the criteria of See also:

• MODERN

modern historical science . Further Grote, a See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical man, a rationalist and an enthusiast for See also:

• DEMOCRACY (Gr. 3np.oKparia, from S)µos, the people, i.e. the commons, and Kparos, rule)

democracy, was the first to consider Greek political development with a sympathetic interest (see GREECE: History, Ancient, See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section " Authorities "), in opposition to the Tory attitude of John See also:

• GILLIES, JOHN (1747-1836)

Gillies and Mitford, who had written under the influence of horror at the French Revolution .

On the whole his work was done with impartiality, and more See also:

• RECENT

recent study has only confirmed his See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general conclusions . Much has been made of his defective accounts of the tyrants and the Macedonian See also:

• EMPIRE

empire, and his See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion that Greek history ceased to be interesting or instructive after Chaeronea . It is true that he confined his interest to the fortunes of the city state and neglected the wider See also:

• DIFFUSION (from the Lat. diffundere; dis-, asunder, and fundere, to pour out)

diffusion of the Greek culture, but this is after all merely a criticism of the title of the book . The value of the History consists to-See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day primarily in its examination of the Athenian democracy, its growth and" decline, an examination which is still the most inspiring, and in 'general the most instructive, in any language . In the description of battles and military operations generally Grote was handicapped by the lack of See also:

• PERSONAL

personal knowledge of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . In this respect he is inferior to men like See also:

• ERNST, HEINRICH WILHELM (1814–1865)

Ernst See also:

• CURTIUS, ERNST (1814-1896)
• CURTIUS, MARCUS

Curtius and G . B . See also:

• GRUNDY, MRS
• GRUNDY, SYDNEY (1848– )

Grundy . 4 . In Philosophy Grote was a follower of the See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

Mills and Bentham . J . S .

Mill paid a See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute to him in the See also:

• PREFACE (Med. Lat. prefatia, for classical praefatio, praefari, to speak beforehand)

preface to the third edition of his Examination of Sir Wm . See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton's Philosophy, and there is no doubt that the empirical school owed a great deal to his See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

sound, accurate thinking, untrammelled by any reverence for authority, technique and See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

convention . In dealing with Plato he was handicapped by this very common sense, which prevented him from appreciating the theory of ideas in its widest relations . His Plato is important in that it emphasizes the generally neglected passages of Plato in which he seems to indulge in See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere Socratic See also:

• DIALECTIC, or DIALECTICS

dialectic rather than to seek knowledge; it is, therefore, to be read as a corrective to the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary criticism of Plato . The more congenial study of Aristotle, though incomplete, is more valuable in the See also:

• POSITIVE (or PORTABLE) ORGAN

positive sense, and has not received the See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention it deserves . Perhaps Grote's most distinctive contribution to the study of Greek philosophy is his See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter in the History of Greece on the See also:

• SOPHISTS (from Gr. codtoris, literally, man of wisdom)

Sophists, of whom he took a view some-what more favourable than has been accepted before or since . His wife, HARRIET LEWIN (1792–1878), was the daughter of See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas Lewin, a retired See also:

• INDIAN

Indian civilian, settled in See also:

• SOUTHAMPTON
• SOUTHAMPTON, EARL OF
• SOUTHAMPTON, HENRY WRIOTHESLEY, 3RD EARL OF (1J73—1624)

Southampton . After her marriage with Grote in 1820 she devoted herself to the subjects in which he was interested and was a prominent figure in the See also:

• LITERARY

literary, political and philosophical circle in which he lived . She carefully read the proofs of his work and relieved him of anxiety in connexion with his See also:

• PROPERTY

property . Among her writings are: Memoir of Ary See also:

• SCHEFFER, ARY (1795-1858)

Scheffer (186o); Collected Papers (1862); and her See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography of her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband (1873) . Another publication, The Philosophical Radicals of 1832 (privately circulated in 1866), is interesting for the See also:

• LIGHT

light it throws on the Reform See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement of 1832 to 1842, especially on Molesworth .