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GUACHARO (said to be an obsolete Span...

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 643 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GUACHARO (said to be an obsolete See also:Spanish word signifying one that cries, moans or laments loudly)  , the See also:Spanish-See also:American name of what See also:English writers See also:call the oil-See also:bird, the Steatornis caripensis of ornithologists, a very remarkable bird, first described by See also:Alexander von See also:Humboldt (Voy. aux reg. equinoxiales i . 413, Eng. trans. iii . 119; Obs . Zoologie ii . 141, pl. xliv.) from his own observation and from examples obtained by Aime J . A . See also:Bonpland, on the visit of those two travellers, in See also:September 1799, to a See also:cave near See also:Caripe (at that See also:time a monastery of Aragonese See also:Capuchins) some See also:forty See also:miles S.E. of See also:Cumana on the See also:northern See also:coast of See also:South See also:America . A few years later it was discovered, says Latham (Gen . Hist . Birds, 1823, vii . 365), to inhabit See also:Trinidad, where it appears to See also:bear the name of Diablotin ;l but by the See also:receipt of specimens procured at.Sarayacu in See also:Peru, See also:Cajamarca in the Peruvian See also:Andes, and Antioquia in See also:Colombia (Proc . Zool .

Society, 1878, pp . 139, 140; 1879, p . J32), its range has been shown to be much greater than had been supposed . The singularity of its structure, its curious habits, and its See also:

peculiar economical value have naturally attracted no little See also:attention from zoologists . First referring it to the genus Caprimulgus,.its See also:original describer soon saw that it was no true See also:goatsucker . It was subsequently separated as forming a sub-See also:family, and has at last been regarded as the type of a distinct family, Steatornithidae—a view which, though not put forth till 187o (Zool . See also:Record, vi . 67), seems now to be generally deemed correct . Its systematic position, however, can scarcely be considered settled, for though on the whole its predominating See also:alliance may be with the Caprimulgidae, nearly as much See also:affinity may be traced to the Strigidae, while it possesses some characters in which it differs from both (Proc . Zool . Society, 1873, pp . 526-535) .

About as big as a See also:

crow, its plumage exhibits the blended tints of See also:chocolate-See also:colour and See also:grey, barred and pencilled with dark-See also:brown or See also:black, and spotted in places with See also:white, that prevail in the two families just named . The See also:beak is hard, strong and deeply notched, the nostrils are prominent, and the., gape is furnished with twelve See also:long hairs on each See also:side . The legs ,and toes are comparatively feeble, but the wings are large . In habits the See also:guacharo is wholly nocturnal, slumbering by See also:day in deep and dark caverns which it frequents in vast See also:numbers . Towards evening it arouses itself, and, with croaking and r Not to be confounded with the bird so called in the See also:French See also:Antilles, which is a See also:petrel (Oestrelata) . 643 clattering which has been likened to that of See also:castanets, it approaches the exit of its See also:retreat, whence at nightfall it issues in See also:search of its See also:food, which, so far as is known, consists entirely of oily nuts or fruits, belonging especially to the genera Achras, Aiphanas, See also:Taurus and Psichotria, some of them sought, it would seem, at a very See also:great distance, for Funck (See also:Bull . Acad . Sc . Bruxelles xi. pt . 2, pp . 371-377) states that in the See also:stomach of one he obtained at Caripe he found the See also:seed of a See also:tree which he believed did not grow nearer than 8o leagues . The hard, indigestible seed swallowed by the guacharo are found in quantities on the See also:floor and the ledges of the caverns it frequents, where many of them for a time vegetate, the See also:plants thus growing being etiolated from want of See also:light, and, according to travellers, forming a singular feature of the gloomy See also:scene which these places See also:present .

Phoenix-squares

The guacharo is said to build a bowl-like See also:

nest of See also:clay, in which it See also:lays from two to four white eggs, with a smooth but lustreless See also:surface, resembling those of some owls . The See also:young soon after they are hatched become a perfect See also:mass of See also:fat, and while yet in the nest are sought by the See also:Indians, who at Caripe, and perhaps elsewhere, make a See also:special business of taking them and extracting the oil they contain . This is done about midsummer, when by the aid of torches and long poles many thousands of the young birds are slaughtered, while their parents in alarm and rage hover over the destroyers' heads, uttering harsh and deafening cries . The grease is melted over fires kindled at the cavern's mouth, run into earthen pots, and preserved for use in cooking as well as for the See also:lighting of lamps . It is said to be pure and limpid, See also:free from any disagreeable See also:taste or See also:smell, and capable of being kept for a See also:year without turning rancid . In Trinidad the young are esteemed a great delicacy for the table by many, though some persons See also:object to their peculiar See also:scent, which resembles that of a cockroach (Blatta), and consequently refuse to eat them . The old birds also, according to E . C . See also:Taylor (See also:Ibis, 1864, p . 90), have a strong crow-like odour . But one See also:species of the genus Steatornis is known . In addition to the See also:works above quoted valuable See also:information about this curious bird may be found under the following references: L'Herminier, See also:Ann .

Sc . Nat . (1836), p . 6o, and Nouv . Ann . See also:

Mus . (1838), p . 321; Hautessier, Rev . Zool . (1838), p . 164; J . See also:Muller, Monatsb .

Berl . Acad . (1841), p . 172, and Archiv See also:

fur Anat . (1862), pp . 1-r 1; See also:des Murs, Rev. zool . (1843), p . 32, and Ord . Orn. pp . 26o-263; See also:Blanchard, Ann . Mus . (1859), xi. pl .

4, fig . 30; See also:

Konig-Warthausen, Journ. flee Orn . (1868), pp . 384-387; Goering, Vargasia (1869), pp . 124-128; Murie, Ibis (1873), pp . 81-86 . (A .

End of Article: GUACHARO (said to be an obsolete Spanish word signifying one that cries, moans or laments loudly)
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