See also:

• GUATEMALA (sometimes incorrectly written GUATIMALA)
• GUATEMALA, or GUATEMALA LA NUEVA (i.e. " New Guatemala," sometimes written Nueva Guatemala, and formerly Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala)

GUATEMALA, or GUATEMALA LA NUEVA (i.e. " New Guatemala," sometimes written Nueva Guatemala, and formerly See also:

• SANTIAGO, or SANTIAGO DE CHILE

Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala)  , the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic of See also:

• GUATEMALA (sometimes incorrectly written GUATIMALA)
• GUATEMALA, or GUATEMALA LA NUEVA (i.e. " New Guatemala," sometimes written Nueva Guatemala, and formerly Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala)

Guatemala, and until 182r of the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish captaincy-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of Guatemala, which comprised See also:

• CHIAPAS

Chiapas in See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico and all Central" See also:

• AMERICA

America except See also:

• PANAMA

Panama . Pop . (1905) about 97,000 . Guatemala is built more than 5000 ft. above See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-level, in a wide table-See also:

• LAND

land traversed by the Rio de See also:

• LAS

las Vacas, or Cow See also:

• RIVER

River, so called from the See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle introduced here by Spanish colonists in the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . Deep ravines See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark the edge of the table-land, and beyond it lofty mountains rise on every See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, the highest peaks being on the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south, where the volcanic summits of the Sierra Madre exceed 12,000 ft . Guatemala has a station on the transcontinental railway from Puerto Barrios on the See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic (190 M . N.E.) to See also:

• SAN

San Jose on the Pacific (75 M . S. by W.) . It is thrice the See also:

• SIZE

size of any other See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city in the republic, and has a corresponding commercial superiority . Its See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop is the See also:

• PRIMATE (from Low Lat. primas=one who held the first place, primas partes)

primate of Central America (excluding Panama) . Like most Spanish-See also:

• AMERICAN

American towns Guatemala is laid out in wide and See also:

• REGULAR

regular streets, often planted with avenues of trees, and it has extensive suburbs . The houses, though usually of only one See also:

• STOREY (equivalents are Fr. etage, Ital. piano, Ger. Stock)

storey, are solidly and comfortably constructed; many of them are surrounded by large gardens and courts .

Among the open spaces the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief are the Plaza See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

Mayor, which contains the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral, erected in 1730, the archiepiscopal See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace, the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government buildings, the See also:

• MINT
• MINT (Lat. moneta; Mid. Eng. mynt)

mint and other public offices; and the more See also:

• MODERN

modern Reforma See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park and Plaza de la See also:

• CONCORDIA
• CONCORDIA (mod. Concordia Sagittaria)

Concordia, now the favourite resorts of the inhabitants . There are many large See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools for both sexes, besides hospitals and an orphanage . Many of the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal buildings, such as the military See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy, were originally convents . The See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre, founded in 1858, is one of the best in Central America . A museum, founded in 1831, is maintained by the Sociedad Economica, which in various ways has done See also:

• GREAT

great service to the city and the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . There are two fortresses, the See also:

• CASTELLO, BERNARDO (1557—1629)
• CASTELLO, GIOVANNI BATTISTA (1500 ?–1569 ?)
• CASTELLO, VALERIO (1625-1659)

Castello See also:

• MATAMOROS

Matamoros, built by Rafael See also:

• CARRERA, JOSE MIGUEL (1785-1821)

Carrera (see GUATEMALA [republic] under See also:

• HISTORY

History), and the Castello de San Jose . See also:

• WATER

Water is brought from a distance of about 8 m. by two old aqueducts from the towns of Mixco and Pinula; See also:

• FUEL (O. Fr. feuaile, popular Lat. focalia, from focus, hearth, fire)

fuel and provisions are largely supplied by the Pokoman See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians of Mixco . The general prosperity, and to some extent the See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance, of Guatemala have procured it the name of the See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris of Central America . It is lighted by See also:

• ELECTRICITY

electricity and has a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• TELEPHONE (Gr. rjXs, far, and dxwvr7, voice)

telephone service . Its See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade is chiefly in See also:

• COFFEE (Fr: cafe, Ger. Kaffee)

coffee, but it also possesses See also:

• CIGAR

cigar factories, See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool and See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton factories, breweries, tanneries and other See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

industrial establishments . The See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign trade is chiefly controlled by Germans . The first city named Guatemala, now called See also:

• CIUDAD

Ciudad Vieja or " Old City," was founded in 1527 by Pedro de See also:

• ALVARADO, PEDRO DE (1495-1541)

Alvarado, the conqueror of the country, on the See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of the Rio Pensativo, and at the See also:

• FOOT

foot of the See also:

• VOLCANO

volcano of Agua (i.e .

" Water ") . In 1541 it was overwhelmed by a See also:

• DELUGE, THE (through the Fr. from Lat. diluvium, flood, diluere, to wash away)

deluge of water from the flooded See also:

• CRATER

crater of Agua; and in 1542 Alvarado founded See also:

• SANTIAGO, or SANTIAGO DE CHILE

Santiago de los Caballeros la Nueva, now See also:

• ANTIGUA

Antigua . This city flourished greatly, and by the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 18th century had become the most populous See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in Central America, with 6o,000 inhabitants and more than See also:

• LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo churches and convents . But in 1773 it was ruined by an See also:

• EARTHQUAKE

earthquake . It was rebuilt, and ultimately became capital of the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of Sacatepeques, and a See also:

• HEALTH

health-resort locally celebrated for its thermal springs . But the Guatemalans determined to found a new capital on the site occupied by the See also:

• HAMLET

hamlet of Ermita, 27 M . N.E . Here the third and last city of Guatemala was built, and became the seat of government in 1779 . The remarkable regularity of the streets is due to the construction of the city on a See also:

• UNIFORM

uniform See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan . The wide See also:

• AREA

area covered, and the lowness of the houses, were similarly due to an See also:

• ORDINANCE
• ORDINANCE, or ORDONNANCE

ordinance which, in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to minimize the danger from See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth-quakes, forbade the erection of any See also:

• BUILDING

building more than 20 ft. high . Many of the belfries of convents or churches, added after the ordinance had fallen into See also:

• ABEYANCE (O. Fr. abeance, " gaping")

abeyance, were overthrown by the earthquake of 1874, which also destroyed a large See also:

• PART

part of Antigua .