See also:

• OTTO

OTTO VON See also:

• GUERICKE, HEINRICH ERNST FERDINAND (1803-1878)
• OTTO VON GUERICKE (1602-1686)

GUERICKE (1602-1686)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German experimental philosopher, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• MAGDEBURG

Magdeburg, in Prussian See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Saxony, on the loth of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1602 . Having studied See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law at See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, Helmstadt and See also:

• JENA

Jena, and See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics, especially See also:

• GEOMETRY

geometry and See also:

• MECHANICS

mechanics, at See also:

• LEIDEN

Leiden, he visited See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, and in 1636 became engineer-in-See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief at See also:

• ERFURT

Erfurt . In 1627 he was elected See also:

• ALDERMAN (from A.-S. ealdorman, compounded of the comparative degree of the adjective eald, old, and man)

alderman of Magdeburg, and in 1646 See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor of that See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city and a See also:

• MAGISTRATE (Lat. magistratus, from magister, master, properly a public office, hence the person holding such an office)

magistrate of See also:

• BRANDENBURG

Brandenburg . His leisure was devoted to scientific pursuits, especially in See also:

• PNEUMATICS (Gr. Irveiiµa, wind, air)

pneumatics . Incited by the discoveries of Galileo, See also:

• PASCAL, BLAISE (1623-1662)
• PASCAL, JACQUELINE (1625-T661)

Pascal and See also:

• TORRICELLI, EVANGELISTA (1608—1647)

Torricelli, he attempted the creation of a vacuum . He began by experimenting with a See also:

• PUMP

pump on See also:

• WATER

water placed in a See also:

• BARREL (a word of uncertain origin common to Romance languages; the Celtic forms, as in the Gaelic baraill, are derived from the English)

barrel, but found that when the water was See also:

• DRAWN

drawn off the See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air permeated the See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood .. He then took a globe of See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper fitted with pump and stopcock, and discovered that he could pump out air as well as water . Thus he became` the inventor of the air-pump (165o) . He illustrated his See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery 'before the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand III. at the imperial See also:

• DIET

diet which assembled at See also:

• REGENSBURG (RATISBON)

Regensburg in 1654, by the experiment of the " Magdeburg hemispheres." Taking two hollow hemispheres of copper, the edges of which fitted nicely together, he exhausted the air from between them by means of his pump, and it is recorded that See also:

• THIRTY

thirty horses, fifteen back to back, were unableto pull them asunder until the air was readmitted . Besides investigating other phenomena connected with a vacuum, he constructed an See also:

• ELECTRICAL
• ELECTRICAL (or ELECTROSTATIC) MACHINE

electrical See also:

• MACHINE
• MACHINE (through Fr. from Lat. form machina of Gr. µnxavil)

machine which depended on the excitation of a rotating See also:

• BALL (in Mid. Eng. bal; the word is probably cognate with " bale," Teutonic in origin, cf. also Lat. falls, and Gr. 7raXXa)
• BALL, JOHN (1585-1640)
• BALL, JOHN (1818-1889)
• BALL, JOHN (d. 1381)
• BALL, SIR ALEXANDER JOHN, BART
• BALL, THOMAS (1819- )

ball of See also:

• SULPHUR

sulphur; and he made successful researches in See also:

• ASTRONOMY (from Gr. &arpov, a star, and v ,usiv, to classify or arrange)

astronomy, predicting the periodicity of the return of comets . In 1681 he gave up See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, and retired to See also:

• HAMBURG

Hamburg, where he died on the 11th of May 1686 . His See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal observations are given in his See also:

• WORK

work, Experimenta nova, ut vacant, Magdeburgica de vacuo spatio (See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam, 1672) .

He is also the author of a Geschichte der Belagerung and Eroberung von Magdeburg . See F . W . See also:

• HOFFMANN, AUGUST HEINRICH (1798–1874)
• HOFFMANN, ERNST THEODOR WILHELM (1776-1822)
• HOFFMANN, JOHANN JOSEPH (1805-1878)

Hoffmann, See also:

• OTTO

Otto von See also:

• GUERICKE, HEINRICH ERNST FERDINAND (1803-1878)
• GUERICKE, OTTO VON (1602-1686)

Guericke (Magdeburg, 1874) .