GUJRAT  , a See also:

• TOWN

town and See also:

• DISTRICT

district of See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, in the See also:

• RAWALPINDI

Rawalpindi See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of the See also:

• PUNJAB

Punjab, lying on the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-western border of See also:

• KASHMIR, or CASHMERE

Kashmir . The town stands about 5 M. from the right See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• RIVER

river See also:

• CHENAB (the Greek Acesines)

Chenab, 70 M . N. of See also:

• LAHORE

Lahore by See also:

• RAIL

rail . Pop . (1901) 19,410 . It is built upon an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient site, formerly occupied, according to tradition, by two successive cities, the second of which is supposed to have been destroyed in 1303, the See also:

• YEAR

year of a Mongol invasion . More than 200 years later either Sher Shah or See also:

• AKBAR, AKHBAR

Akbar founded the existing town . Though See also:

• STANDING

standing in the midst of a Jat neighbourhood, the fort was first garrisoned by Gujars, and took the name of Gujrat . Akbar's fort, largely improved by Gujar Singh, stands in the centre of the town: The neighbouring See also:

• SHRINE (Lat. scrinium, a case or chest for books, hence a casket; from scribere, to write, Fr. ecrin, Ital. scrigno)

shrine of the See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

saint Shah Daula serves as a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of native See also:

• ASYLUM (from Gr. b.-, privative, arid earl, right'of seizure)
• ASYLUM, RIGHT OF (Fr. droit d'asile; Ger. Asylrecht)

asylum for lunatics . The town has manufactures of See also:

• FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture, inlaid See also:

• WORK

work in See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold and See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron, See also:

• BRASS
• BRASS (O. Eng. braes)

brass-See also:

• WARE

ware, boots, See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton goods and shawls . The DISTRICT OT GUJRAT comprises a narrow See also:

• WEDGE (O. Eng. wecg, a mass of metal, cognate with Dutch wig, wigge, Dan. vaegge, &c.; in Lith. the cognate form outside Teut. is found in wagis, a peg, spigot; there is no connexion with " weigh," " weight," which must be referred to the root wegh, to li

wedge of sub-Himalayan See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, possessing few natural advantages . From the See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

basin of the Chenab on the south the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general level rises rapidly towards the interior, which, owing to the See also:

• GREAT

great 'distance of the See also:

• WATER

water beneath the See also:

• SURFACE

surface, assumes a dreary and See also:

• DESERT

desert aspect .

A range of See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low hills, known as the Pabbi, traverses the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• ANGLE (from the Lat. angulus, a corner, a diminutive, of which the primitive form, angus, does not occur in Latin; cognate are the Lat. angere, to compress into a bend or to strangle, and the Gr. ayKOS, a bend; both connected with the Aryan root ank-, to

angle of Gujrat . They are composed of a friable See also:

• TERTIARY

Tertiary See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone and See also:

• CONGLOMERATE (from the Lat. conglomerare, to form into a ball, glomus, glomeris; so also the general term " conglomeration " for a miscellaneous collection of things, gathered together in a mass)

conglomerate, destitute of vegetation, and presenting a See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere barren See also:

• CHAOS

chaos of naked See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock, deeply scored with precipitous ravines . Immediately below the Pabbi stretches a high See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau, terminating abruptly in a precipitous See also:

• BLUFF (a word of uncertain origin; possibly connected with an obsolete Dutch word, blaf, broad)

bluff some 200 ft. in height . At the See also:

• FOOT

foot of this plateau is a plain, which forms the actual valley of the Chenab and participates in the See also:

• IRRIGATION (Lat. in, and rigare, to water or wet)

irrigation from the river See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed . Numerous See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics of antiquity See also:

• STUD

stud the surface of the district . Mounds of ancient construction yield See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early coins, and bricks are found whose See also:

• SIZE

size and type prove them to belong to the pre-historic See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period . A See also:

• MOUND

mound now occupied by the See also:

• VILLAGE

village of Moga or Mong has been identified as the site of See also:

• NICAEA, COUNCIL OF
• NICAEA, or NICE

Nicaea, the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city built by See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander the Great on the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field of his victory over See also:

• PORUS (4th century B.C.)

Porus . The See also:

• DELHI, DEHLI

Delhi See also:

• EMPIRE

empire established its authority in this district under Bahlol See also:

• LODI

Lodi (1451-1489) . A See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century later it was visited by Akbar, who founded Gujrat as the seat of See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . During the decay of the See also:

• MOGUL, MOCHAL, or MIGHAL

Mogul See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, the Ghakkars of Rawalpindi overran this portion of the Punjab and established themselves in Gujrat about 1741 . Meanwhile the See also:

• SIKH

Sikh power had been asserting itself in the eastern Punjab, and in 1765 the Ghakkar See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief was defeated by See also:

• SIRDAR, or SARDAR (Persian sardar, meaning a leader or joint; and the bones of the fore-arm are about equally developed, officer)

Sirdar Gujar Singh, chief of the Bhangi confederacy . On his See also:

• DEATH

death, his son succeeded him, but after a few months' warfare, in 1798, he submitted himself as See also:

• VASSAL (Fr. vassal, vassaut, vassault, &c,)

vassal to the Maharaja Ranjit Singh .

In 1846 Gujrat first came under the supervision of British officials . Two years later the district became the See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre for the important engagements which decided the event of the second Sikh See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war . After several bloody battles in which the British were unsuccessful, the Sikh power was irretrievably broken at the engagement which took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place at Gujrat on the 22nd of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1849 . The Punjab then passed by See also:

• ANNEXATION (Lat. ad, to, and nexus, joining)

annexation under British See also:

• RULE

rule . The district comprises an See also:

• AREA

area of 2051 sq. m . In Igor the See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population was 750:548, showing a decrease of 1%, compared with an increase of 1o% in the previous See also:

• DECADE (from Gr. Oka, ten)

decade . The district has a large export See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade in See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat and other grains, oil, See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool, cotton and hides . The See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• LINE

line and the See also:

• SIND

Sind-See also:

• SAGAR

Sagar See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North-Western railway See also:

• TRAVERSE

traverse it .