GUN  , a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• TERM

term for a weapon, tubular in See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form, from which a projectile is discharged by means of an explosive . When applied to See also:

• ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

artillery the word is confined to those pieces of See also:

• ORDNANCE (a syncopated form of " ordinance " or " ordonnance," so spelt in this sense since the 17th century)

ordnance which have a See also:

• DIRECT

direct as opposed to a high-See also:

• ANGLE (from the Lat. angulus, a corner, a diminutive, of which the primitive form, angus, does not occur in Latin; cognate are the Lat. angere, to compress into a bend or to strangle, and the Gr. ayKOS, a bend; both connected with the Aryan root ank-, to

angle See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire, in which See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case the terms " See also:

• HOWITZER (derived, through an earlier form howitz, and the Ger. Haubitz, from the Bohemian houfnice = catapult, from which come also, through the Ital. obiza or obice, the French forms obus = shell and obusier = howitzer)

howitzer " and " See also:

• MORTAR

mortar " are used (see ORDNANCE and See also:

• MACHINE
• MACHINE (through Fr. from Lat. form machina of Gr. µnxavil)

MACHINE-GUN) . " Gun " as applied to firearms which are carried in the See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand and fired from the See also:

• SHOULDER (in O.E. sculder, cognate with Ger. Schulter, Dutch schouder, Swed. skuldra, &c; the root is unknown)

shoulder, the old " hand gun," is now chiefly used of the sporting shot-gun, with which this See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article mainly deals; in military usage this type of weapon, whether See also:

• RIFLE

rifle, See also:

• CARBINE (Fr. carabine, Ger. Karabiner)

carbine, &c., is known collectively as " small arms " (see RIFLE and See also:

• PISTOL

PISTOL) . The origin of the word, which in See also:

• MID

Mid . Eng. is gonne or gunne, is obscure, but it has been suggested by See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor W . W . See also:

• SKEAT, WALTER WILLIAM (1835– )

Skeat that it conceals a See also:

• FEMALE

female name, Gunnilde or Gunhilda . The names; e.g . See also:

• MONS (Flemish Bergen)

Mons Meg at See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle and faule Grete (heavy Peg), known to readers of See also:

• CARLYLE, ALEXANDER (1722-1805)
• CARLYLE, JOSEPH DACRE (1759-18o4)
• CARLYLE, THOMAS (1795-1881)

Carlyle's See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick the See also:

• GREAT

Great, will be See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar parallel-isms . " Gunne " would be a shortened " pet name " of Gunnhilde . The New See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• DICTIONARY

Dictionary finds support for the See also:

• SUGGESTION

suggestion in the fact that in Old See also:

• NORWEGIAN

Norwegian gunne and hilde both mean " See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war," and quotes an See also:

• INVENTORY (post-class. Lat. inventarium, a list or repertory, from invenire to find)

inventory of war material at See also:

• WINDSOR
• WINDSOR (properly NEw WINDSOR)

Windsor Castle in 1330-1331, where is mentioned " una magna balista de See also:

• CORNU, MARIE

cornu quae vocatur Domina Gunilda." Another suggestion for the origin of the word is that the word representsa shortened form, gonne, of a supposed See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French mangonne, a mangonel, but the French word is mangonneau . Firearms are said to have been first used in See also:

• EUROPEAN

European warfare in the 14th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century .

The hand gun (see fig . 1) came into See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical use in 1446 and was of very See also:

• RUDE, FRANCOIS (1784–1855)

rude construction . It consisted of a See also:

• SIMPLE

simple See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron or See also:

• BRASS
• BRASS (O. Eng. braes)

brass See also:

• TUBE (Lat. tuba)

tube with a See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch-hole at the See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top fixed in a straight stock of See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood, the end of which passed under the a right armpit when the " gonne " was about to be fired . A similar weapon (see fig . 2) was FIG . 1.—Hand Gun . also used by the See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse-soldier, with a See also:

• RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

ring at the end of the stock, by which it was suspended by a See also:

• CORD (derived through the Fr. corde, from the Lat. chorda, Gr. xop(5rt, the string of a musical instrument)

cord See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the See also:

• NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

neck; a forked See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest, fitted by a ring to the saddlebow, served to steady the gun . This rest, when not in use, hung down in front of the right See also:

• LEG
• LEG (a word of Scandinavian origin, from the Old Norwegian leggr, cf. Swed. lagg, Dan. laeg; the O. Eng. word was sceanca, shank)

leg . A match was made of See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton or See also:

• HEMP (in O. Eng. henep, cf. Dutch hennep, Ger. Hanf , cognate with Gr. Kavval3er, Lat. cannabis)

hemp spun slack, and boiled in a strong See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution of See also:

• SALTPETRE (from the Lat. sal, salt, Petra, a rock)

saltpetre or in the lees of See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine . The touch-hole was first placed on the top of the See also:

• BARREL (a word of uncertain origin common to Romance languages; the Celtic forms, as in the Gaelic baraill, are derived from the English)

barrel, but afterwards at the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, with a small See also:

• PAN (" pasturer ")
• PAN (common in various forms to many Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Pfanne; it is generally taken to be an early adaptation in a shortened form of Lat. patina, shallow bowl or dish, from patere, to lie open)

pan underneath to hold the priming, and guarded by a See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover moving on a See also:

• PIVOT (Fr. pivot; probably connected with Ital. pivolo, peg, pin, diminutive of piva, pipa, pipe)

pivot . An improvement in firearms took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in the first See also:

• YEAR

year of the reign of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VII., or at the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward IV., by fixing a See also:

• COCK, EDWARD (1805-1892)

cock (Fr. See also:

• SERPENTINE

serpentine) on the hand gun to hold the match, which was brought down to the priming by a trigger, whence the term matchlock . This weapon is still in use among the See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese, See also:

• TATARS (the common form Tartars is less correct)

Tatars, Sikhs, Persians and See also:

• TURKS

Turks .

An improvement in the stock was also made during this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period by forming it with a wide See also:

• BUTT
• BUTT, ISAAC (1813-1879)

butt end to be placed against the right See also:

• BREAST (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. the Ger. Brust, possibly connected with an O. Sax. brustian, to bud)

breast . Subsequently the stock was See also:

• BENT
• BENT (E1. BENI)
• BENT, JAMES THEODORE (1852–1897)

bent, a See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German invention, and the See also:

• ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm was called a hackbutt or hagbut, and the smaller variety a demihague . The See also:

• ARQUEBUS (also called harquebus, hackbut, &c.)

arquebus and hackbutt were about a yard in length, including barrel and stock, and the demihague was about See also:

• HALF

half the See also:

• SIZE

size and See also:

• WEIGHT

weight, the forerunner of the pistol . The arquebus was the See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard See also:

• INFANTRY

infantry firearm in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe from the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• PAVIA (anc. Ticinum, q.v.)

Pavia to the introduction of the heavier and more powerful See also:

• MUSKET (Fr. mousquet, Ger. Muskete, &c.)

musket . It did not as a See also:

• RULE

rule require a rest, as did the musket . The See also:

• WHEEL (0. Eng. hweol, hweohl, &c., cognate with Icel. hjol, Dan. hiul, the Indo-European root is seen in Sanskrit chakra, Gr. r in Aos, circle, whence " cycle ")
• WHEEL, BREAKING ON THE

wheel-See also:

• LOCK (from the O. Eng. loc.; the word appears, in different forms, in many Teutonic languages, but with such various meanings as " hole," Ger. Loch, " lid," Swed. lock, &c.; probably the original was a root meaning " to enclose ")
• LOCK, MATTHIAS

lock, an improvement on the match-lock, was in- vented in See also:

• NUREMBERG (Ger. Nurnberg)

Nuremberg in 1517; was first used at the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

• PARMA

Parma in 1521; was brought to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in 1530, and continued in partial use there until the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles II . This wheel-lock consisted of a fluted or grooved See also:

• STEEL, FLORA ANNIE (1847– )

steel wheel which protruded into the priming pan, and was connected with a strong See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring . The cock, also regulated by a spring, was fitted with a piece of iron See also:

• PYRITES

pyrites . In See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to See also:

• DISCHARGE (adapted from the O. Fr. discharge, modern decharge, from a med. Lat. discargare, to unload, dis- and earn care, to load, cf. " charge ")

discharge the gun the with Hand Gun . From General See also:

• HARDY, ALEXANDRE (1569?-1631)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS DUFFUS (1804-1878)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS MASTERMAN
• HARDY, THOMAS (1840- )

Hardy de Perini's See also:

• TURENNE, HENRI DE LA TOUR

Turenne e ! See also:

• CONDE
• CONDE, LOUIS DE BOURBON, PRINCE
• CONDE, LOUIS II
• CONDE, PRINCES OF

Conde 1626-1675 . lock was See also:

• WOUND (O. Eng. wund,connected with a Teutonic verb, meaning to strive, fight, suffer, seen in O. Eng. winnan, whence Eng. " win ")

wound up by a See also:

• KEY
• KEY (in O. Eng. tang; the ultimate origin of the word is unknown; it appears only in Old Frisian kei of other Teutonic languages; until the end of the 17th century the pronunciation was kay, as in other words in O. Eng. ending in aeg; cf. daeg, day; clang
• KEY (the phraseograms being indicated by hyphens)
• KEY, SIR ASTLEY COOPER (1821-1888)
• KEY, THOMAS HEWITT (1799-1875)

key, the cock was let down on the priming pan, the pyrites resting on the wheel; on the trigger being pressed the wheel was released and rapidly revolved, emitting See also:

• SPARKS, JARED (1789-1866)

sparks, which ignited the See also:

• POWDER (through O. Fr. puldre, modern poudre, from Lat. pulvis, pulveris, dust)

powder in the pan .

The complicated and expensive nature of this lock, with its liability to injury, no doubt prevented its general See also:

• ADOPTION (Lat. adoptio, for adoptalio, from adoptare, to choose for oneself)

adoption . About 1540 the Spaniards constructed a larger and heavier firearm (matchlock), carrying a See also:

• BALL (in Mid. Eng. bal; the word is probably cognate with " bale," Teutonic in origin, cf. also Lat. falls, and Gr. 7raXXa)
• BALL, JOHN (1585-1640)
• BALL, JOHN (1818-1889)
• BALL, JOHN (d. 1381)
• BALL, SIR ALEXANDER JOHN, BART
• BALL, THOMAS (1819- )

ball of to to the See also:

• POUND
• POUND (2)—(a)

pound, called a musket . This weapon was introduced into England before the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 16th century, and soon came into general use throughout Europe . The snaphance was invented about this period in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, and from its See also:

• COMPARATIVE

comparative cheapness was From General Hardy de Perini's Turenne el Conde, 1626-1679 .