IVAN

See also:

• IVAN GUNDULICH (1588-1638)

GUNDULICH (1588-1638)  , known also as Giovanni Gondola, Servian poet, was born at Ragusa on the 8th of January 1588 . His father, Franco Gundulich, once the Ragusan envoy to Constantinople and councillor of' the republic, gave him an excellent education . He studied the " humanities " with the Jesuit, Father Muzzi, and philosophy with Father Ricasoli . After that he studied Roman law and jurisprudence in general . He was member of the Lower Council and once served as the 1 Air-dried guncotton will contain 2 % , or less of moisture.chief magistrate of the republic . He died on the 8th of December 1638 . A born poet, he admired much the Italian poets of his time, from whom he made many translations into Servian . It is believed that he so translated Tasso's Gerusalemme liberata . He is known to have written eighteen works, of which eleven were dramas, but of these only three have been fully preserved. others having perished during the great earthquake and fire in 1667 . Most of those dramas were translations from the Italian, and were played, seemingly with great success, by the amateurs furnished by the noble families of Ragusa . But his greatest and justly celebrated work is an epic, entitled Osman, in twenty cantos . It is the first political epic on the Eastern Question, glorifying the victory of the Poles over Turks and Tatars in the campaign of 1621, and encouraging a league of the Christian nations, under the guidance of Vladislaus, the king of Poland, for the purpqse of driving away the Turks from Europe .

The fourteenth and fifteenth cantos are lost . It is generally believed that the Ragusan

government suppressed them from consideration for the Sultan, the protector of the republic, those two cantos having been violently anti-Turkish . Osman was printed for the first time in Ragusa in 1826, the two missing cantos being replaced by songs written by Pietro Sorgo (or Sorkochevich) . From this edition the learned Italian, Francesco Appendini, made an Italian translation published in 1827 . Since that time several other editions have been made . The best are considered to be the edition of the South Slavonic Academy in Agram (1877) and the edition published in Semlin (1889) by Professor Yovan Boshkovich . In the edition of 1844 (Agram) the last cantos, fourteen and fifteen, were replaced by very fine compositions of the Serbo-Croatian poet, Mazhuranich (Mazuranic) . The complete works of Gundulich have been published in Agram, 1847, by V . Babukich and by the South Slavonic Academy of Agram in 1889 . (C . M1.) GUNG'L, JOSEF (1810-1889), Hungarian composer and conductor, was born on the 1st of December 181o, at Zsambek, in Hungary . After starting life as a school-teacher, and learning the elements of music from Ofen, the school-choirmaster, he became first oboist at Graz, and, at twenty-five, bandmaster of the 4th regiment of Austrian artillery .

His first

composition, a Hungarian march, written in 1836, attracted some notice, and in 1843 he was able to establish an orchestra in Berlin . With this band he travelled far, even (in 1849) to America . It is worth recording that Mendelssohn's complete Midsummer Night's Dream music is said to have been first played by Gung'l's band . In 1853 he became bandmaster to the 23rd Infantry Regiment at Briinn, but in 1864 he lived at Munich, and in 1876 at Frankfort, after (in 1873) having conducted with great success a series of promenade concerts at Covent Garden, London . From Frankfort Gung'l went to Weimar to live with his daughter, a well-known German opera singer and local prima donna . There he died, on the 31st of January 1889 . Gung'l's dances number over 300, perhaps the most popular being the " Amoretten," "Hydropaten," "Casino," "Dreams on the Ocean" waltzes; " In Stiller Mitternacht " polka, and " Blue Violets " mazurka . His Hungarian march was transcribed by Liszt . His music is characterized by the same.easy flowing melodies and well-marked rhythm that distinguish the dances of Strauss, to whom alone he can be ranked second in this kind of composition .