See also:

• GUNTHER, JOHANN CHRISTIAN (1695-1723)

GUNTHER OF SCHWARZBURG (1304-1349)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, was a descendant of the See also:

• COUNTS

counts of Schwarzburg and the younger son of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VII., See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of See also:

• BLANKENBURG

Blankenburg . He distinguished himself as a soldier, and rendered See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good service to the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis IV., on whose See also:

• DEATH

death in 1347 he was offered the German See also:

• THRONE

throne, after it had been refused by See also:

• EDWARD

Edward III., king of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . He was elected German king at See also:

• FRANKFORT

Frankfort on the 3oth of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1349 ' by four of the See also:

• ELECTORS (Ger. Kurfursten, from Kilren, O.H.G. kiosan, choose, elect, and Furst, prince)

electors, who were partisans of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• WITTELSBACH

Wittelsbach and opponents of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles of See also:

• LUXEMBURG
• LUXEMBURG, FRANCOIS HENRI DE MONTMORENCYBOUTEVILLE, DUKE

Luxemburg, afterwards the emperor Charles IV . Charles, however, won over many of See also:

• GUNTHER, JOHANN CHRISTIAN (1695-1723)

Gunther's adherents, defeated him at See also:

• ELTVILLE (ELFELD)

Eltville, and Gunther, who was now seriously See also:

• ILL

ill, renounced his claims for the sum of 20,000 marks of See also:

• SILVER

silver . He died three See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks afterwards at Frankfort, from the 26th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February, A.D . 320 . Chandragupta was succeeded by Samudragupta (c . A.D . 326—375), one of the greatest of See also:

• INDIAN

Indian See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings, who conquered nearly the whole of See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, and whose alliances extended from the See also:

• OXUS

Oxus to See also:

• CEYLON

Ceylon; but his name was at one See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time entirely lost to See also:

• HISTORY

history, and has only been recovered of See also:

• RECENT

recent years from coins and See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions . His See also:

• EMPIRE

empire rivalled that of See also:

• ASOKA

Asoka, extending from the See also:

• HUGLI, or HOOGHLY

Hugli on the See also:

• CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast to the See also:

• JUMNA, or JAMUNA

Jumna and See also:

• CHAMBAL

Chambal on the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west, and from the See also:

• FOOT

foot of the Himalayas on the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north to the See also:

• NERBUDDA, or NARBADA

Nerbudda on the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south . His son Chandragupta II . (c .

A.D . 375—413) was also known as Vikra-Maditya (q.v.), and seems to have been theoriginalof the mythical See also:

• HINDU

Hindu king of that name . About 388 he conquered the See also:

• SAKA, or SHAKA

Saka See also:

• SATRAP [Pers. Khshatrapavan, i.e." protector (superintendent) of the country (or district)," Heb. sakhshadrapan, Gr. taerpan-ris (insc. of Miletus, Sitzungsber. Berl. Ak. 1900, 112), E% u3pa7eixav (insc. of Mylasa, Dittenberger, Sylloge, 95), ital. p6. rr

satrap of Surashtra (See also:

• KATHIAWAR, or KATTYWAR

Kathiawar) and penetrated to the Arabian See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea . His See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration is described in the See also:

• WORK

work of Fa-hien, the earliest See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese See also:

• PILGRIM

pilgrim, who visited India in A.D . 405-411 . Pataliputra was the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty, but See also:

• AJODHYA

Ajodhya seems to have been sometimes used by both Samudragupta and Chandragupta II. as the headquarters of See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . The See also:

• GUPTA

Gupta dynasty appears to have fostered a revival of See also:

• BRAHMANISM

Brahmanism at the expense of See also:

• BUDDHISM

Buddhism, and to have given an impulse to See also:

• ART

art and literature . The See also:

• GOLDEN

golden See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of the empire lasted from A.D . 330 to 455, beginning to decline after the latter date . When Skandagupta came to the throne in 455, India was threatened with an irruption of the See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

White See also:

• HUNS

Huns, on whom he inflicted a severe defeat, thus saving his See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom for a time; but about 470 the White Huns (see EPUTHALITES) returned to the attack, and the empire was gradually destroyed by their repeated inroads . When Skandagupta died about 480, the Gupta empire came to an end, but the dynasty continued to See also:

• RULE

rule in the eastern provinces for several generations . The last known See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of the imperial See also:

• LINE

line of Guptas was Kamaragupta II .

(c . 535), after whom it passed " by an obscure transition " into a dynasty of eleven Gupta princes, known as " the later Guptas of See also:

• MAGADHA

Magadha," who seem for the most See also:

• PART

part to have been merely See also:

• LOCAL

local rulers of Magadha . One of them, however, Adityasena, after the death of the See also:

• PARAMOUNT (Anglo-Fr. paramont, up above, par el mont, up or on top of the mountain)

paramount See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign in 648, asserted his See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence . The last known Gupta king was Jivitagupta II., who reigned See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in the 8th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . About the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the century Magadha passed under the sway of the See also:

• PAL, KRISTO DAS (1839–1884)

Pal kings of See also:

• BENGAL
• BENGAL, BAY OF

Bengal . See J . F . See also:

• FLEET

Fleet, Gupta Inscriptions (1888) ; and See also:

• VINCENT (or VINCENTIUS), ST
• VINCENT, GEORGE (1796-1831?)
• VINCENT, MARY ANN (1818-1887)

Vincent A . See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith, The Early History of India (2nd ed., See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, 1908), pp . 264-295 .