See also:

• H4 (Sr, Ba, Ca)Al2(SiOa)6+31420. H 4CaAl2(SiO3)

H4 (Sr, Ba, Ca)Al2(SiOa)6+31420. H 4CaAl2(SiO3)  6+3H20 . (Ba, Ca, K2)Al2Si3O,o+3H2O . (K2, Ca)Al2(SiO3)4+4H2O . H2(K2, Ba)Al2(SiO3)5+5H2O . CaAl2(SiOa)6+6H2O . CaAl2(SiO3)4+4H20 . H4CaAl2Si4014+2H2O . (Ca, Na2)Al2(SiO4)2+4H20, &c . (Na2, Ca)Al2(SiOa)4+6H2O . CaAl2Si301o+5H2O . NaAI(SiO3)2+HsO . Na2Al2Si2O1o+2H2O .

(Ca, Na2)Al2Si30,o+2H2O . CaAl2Si3O1o+3H2O . BaAl2Si30,o+3H2O . (Na,, Ca)Al2(SiO4)a+21H2O . See also:

• CHAP

Chap. ii. opens probably " Get you shame, and be ye ashamed, 0 nation unabashed, before ye become as See also:

• CHAFF (from the A.S. ceaf, allied to the O. High Ger. cheva, a husk or pod)

chaff that passeth away' (the last two clauses of v . 2 are doublets) . With this very See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call to repentance (cf . See also:

• AMOS
• AMOS, SHELDON (1835–1886)

Amos v . 6, 15; Jer. iv . 14, &c.) is joined a particular See also:

• APPEAL

appeal to " the humble ones of the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth " (v . 3, cf. iii . 12; Isa. xi .

4; Ps . Ixxvi . 9) to seek righteousness and humility, per-See also:

• ADVENTURE (from Lat. res adventura, a thing about to happen)

adventure (but LXX. so that) they may be hid in the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day of Yahweh's wrath (cf . Isa. See also:

• XXVI

xxvi . 20) . " For " the cities of the See also:

• PHILISTINES

Philistines shall be destroyed (v . 4, cf. on i . 9 above), and an See also:

• ORACLE (Lat. oraculum, from ora' to pray; the corresponding Greek word is uavreiov or Xpnuri7pwov)

oracle of woe is uttered against their See also:

• LAND

land (v . 5 seq.) . With a sudden transition the " remnant of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• JUDAH

Judah " is promised the maritime See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast (v . 7, read by the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea for thereupon), and this is enhanced by the tidings of the return of the captivity . This thought is See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed further .

Yahweh has " heard " (cf . Isa. xvi . 6, 13 seq.; Jer. xlviii . 29 sqq.; Ezek. See also:

• XXXV

xxxv., 12) " the reproach of See also:

• MOAB

Moab and the revilings of the See also:

• AMMONITES

Ammonites," and the See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord of Hosts, the See also:

• GOD

God of See also:

• ISRAEL (Hebrew for " God strives " or " rules "; see Gen. xxxii. 28; and the allusion in Hosea xii. 4)

Israel, swears by his See also:

• LIFE

life that both shall be destroyed for their hostility towards his See also:

• PEOPLE

people, and the remnant of his nation shall possess their territory (vv . 8-1o) . After turning aside to Yahweh's supremacy (v. i 1, iii . 9 seq.) the See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter continues with a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short and vague See also:

• DOOM (Old Eng. dOm, a word common to Tent. languages for that which is set up or ordered, from " do," in its original meaning of " place "; cf, Gr. &Ass, from stem of ri'rust)

doom " also " upon See also:

• CUSH

Cush (See also:

• ETHIOPIA, or AETHIOPIA (Gr. AlOtoaia)

Ethiopia) " slain by my See also:

• SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

sword " (cf . Isa . Ixvi, 16), and a more detailed prophecy upon See also:

• ASSYRIA

Assyria and See also:

• NINEVEH (Heb. m}'?, in classical authors Nivos, Ninus; LXX. Ntsetni, Nnveun: Assyrian Nind or Ninua)

Nineveh . The exulting and boastful See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city (cf . See also:

• BABYLON (mod. Hillah)

Babylon, Isa. xlvii . 8, 10, with xlv .

5 seq.) shall be a haunt of See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild animals (cf . Babylon, Isa. xiii . 20 sqq., and more especially See also:

• EDOM

Edom ibid. xxxiv . 11-13) and is pictured as shortly to be made desolate (v . 15, with the last words cf . See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem, Jer. xix . 8, Edom, xlix . 17) . In chap. iii. there are again changing situations . The defiant, polluted and oppressive city is condemned for failing to regard the warnings . Her See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular and religious leaders are denounced, and stress is laid, not upon See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign cults, but upon the rampant treachery and profanation (cf . Mal. ii .

I1 ; Isa. lvi . 10-12, and especially Ezek. xiii . 25–28) . Yahweh in the midst of her is " righteous " (cf . Neh. ix . 33, and especially the " Deutero-See also:

• ISAIAH
• ISAIAH, ASCENSION OF

Isaiah," xl. sqq.),' but al-though the nations See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round about have been cut off and destroyed, Jerusalem, instead of taking warning in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape destruction, has been persistently corrupt (vv . 1-7; v . 2, cf . Jer. ii . 30 and often) . " Therefore, wait ye for me, saith Yahweh, for the day when I arise as a See also:

• WITNESS
• WITNESS (from O. Eng. witan, to know)

witness " (so read in v . 8, cf .

Mic. i . 2; Mal. iii . 5) . But there is another sudden transition—in that day Yahweh shall assemble all nations and kingdoms to pour out upon them his anger (v . 8) . This See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment upon the See also:

• WORLD

world will be followed by a universal See also:

• CONVERSION (Lat. conversio, from convertere, to turn or ,change)

conversion (v . 9, cf. ii . 11) and " from beyond the See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers of Cush " (cf. ii . 12) See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute will be brought to Yahweh (cf . Isa. xlv . 14, and especially xviii . 1, 7; some reference to a return of dispersed See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews may be suspected in the now corrupt See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text) .

" In that day " (i.e. after the judgment, implied by v . 7 seq.) there will be a purified Judah (cf. often in Isaiah, i . 24 sqq., iv . 2–6) and, with the removal of the proud, there will be See also:

• LEFT

left an afflicted, poor and trusting people (v . 12) . " The remnant of Israel," also, shall dwell in See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace and piety (v . 13; cf. the corrupt people who are to be " refined," Jer. ix . 3-9) . Next, a noteworthy jubilant See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note is struck when " the daughter of See also:

• ZION, or SION (Heb. iiag, perhaps from runs " to be dry," nqs " to set up," or is " to protect "; Arabic analogies favour the meaning " hump," " summit of a ridge," and so " citadel ")

Zion " is bidden to exult (v . 14, cf . Zech. ii. to, ix . 9), for the " judgments" are removed, the " enemy " is cleared away .

Yahweh, the mighty deliverer, is in her midst as " See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of Israel " (Isa. See also:

• XXIV

xxiv . 23, xliv . 6), he will take joy in her (cf . Isa . Ixii . 5, lxv . 19), and she shall no more see evil . In conclusion (vv . 18–20), he will gather them that are in See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile awayy from the sacred festivals, who were a cause of " reproach " (cf . Ezek. See also:

• XXXVI

xxxvi . 15; Isa. liv . 4; Neh. i .

3) ; he will " See also:

• DEAL

deal with " all oppressors and restore the outcast and the lame (cf . Mic. iv . 6 seq.; Ezek. xxxiv . 16) . She shall become a praise and a name (cf . Jer. xxxiii . 9) when Yahweh brings back the captivity " before your eyes " (i.e. in your See also:

• GENERATION (from Lat. generare, to beget, procreate; genus, stock, race)

generation) . It is a natural See also:

• ASSUMPTION, FEAST OF

assumption that prophecies have a See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical end and refer to existing or impending conditions ? But although one single leading See also:

• MOTIVE (from Lat. movere, to move)

motive runs through the See also:

• BOOK

book of See also:

• ZEPHANIAH

Zephaniah there are abrupt transitions which do not concern See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere subjective considerations of logical or smooth thought, but material and organic changes representing different See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups of ideas . The See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments of Yahweh's anger (ch. i.) are not so real or prominent on the See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• HORIZON (Gr. 6pfTwv, dividing)

horizon as, for example, in Isaiah, See also:

• JEREMIAH

Jeremiah or See also:

• HABAKKUK

Habakkuk . The true date of the Scythian inroad and its results for Judah and Philistia are less important when it is observed that the doom upon Philistia, the vengeance upon Moab and Amnion and the promises for Judah (ch. ii.) belong to a large See also:

• GROUP

group of prophecies against certain historic enemies (Edom included) who are denounced for their contempt, hostility and intrusion . These prophecies 1 The See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of " righteousness " ($-d-le), or See also:

• LOYALTY

loyalty, appears to have implied the mutual bonds uniting the community and its deity, see Journ .

Theol . See also:

• STUD

Stud., 1908, p . 632 n . 1; Expositor, Aug . 1910, p . 120 . z Material See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar to contemporary thought is naturally used (see especially H . Gressmann, Ursprung d. israel See also:

• JUD, LEO (1482–1542)

jud . Eschatologie; J . M . P . See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith, Biblical World, 1910, pp .

223 sqq.).are in large measure associated traditionally with the fall of Jerusalem, and to such a calamity, and not to the inroad of the Scythians, the references to the " remnant " and the " captivity " can only refer ? The anticipation of future events is of course conceivable in itself, but the promises (in ch. ii.) presuppose events other and later than those with which the Scythians were connected . On the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, it is entirely intelligible that a prophecy See also:

• RELATING

relating to Scythians should have been re-shaped to apply to later conditions, and on this view it is explicable why the indefinite political See also:

• CONVULSIONS

convulsions should be adjusted to the exile and why the gloom should be relieved by the promise of a territory extending from the Mediterranean to the Syrian See also:

• DESERT

desert (ii . 7, 9) . After a See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of See also:

• PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

punishment (cf . See also:

• LAMENTATIONS (Lamentations of Jeremiah)

Lamentations) Yahweh's See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy against the semi-See also:

• HEATHEN

heathen Judah has become a jealousy for his people, and we appear to move in the thought of See also:

• HAGGAI

Haggai and See also:

• ZECHARIAH

Zechariah, where the remnant are comforted by Yahweh's return and the dispersed exiles are to be brought back (cf . Zech. i . 14-17, viii . 2-17) . But in ch. iii. other circles of thought are See also:

• MANIFEST (Lat. manifestus, clear, open to view)

manifest . Israel's enemies have been destroyed, her own God Yahweh has proved his loyalty and has fulfilled his promises, but the city remains polluted (vv . 1-7, cf .

Isa. lviii. seq.; See also:

• MALACHI

Malachi) . Once more doom is threatened, and once more we pass over into a later See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage where Yahweh has vindicated his supremacy and Zion is glorified . Instead of the realities of See also:

• HISTORY

history we have the apocalyptical feature of the gathering of the nations (v . 8); the thought may be illustrated from Zech. xii. r.-xiii . 6, where Jerusalem is attacked, purged and delivered, and from Zech. xiv. where the city is actually captured and See also:

• HALF

half the people are removed into captivity (cf . Zeph. iii . 11 purging, 15 removal of the enemy, 18-2o return of the captivity) . The See also:

• GOAL

goal is the vindication of Israel and of Israel's God, and the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of universal monotheism (ii . II, iii . 9 seq.) . The foe which threatened Judah has become the chastiser of Ethiopia and Assyria (ii.) and the prelude to the See also:

• GOLDEN

golden See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age (iii., cf . Ezek. xxxviii. seq.) .

No longer does Yahweh contend for recognition with See also:

• BAAL

Baal and the " See also:

• HOST

host of See also:

• HEAVEN (0. Eng. hefen, heofon, heofone; this word appears in O.S. hevan; the High. Ger. word appears in Ger. Himmel, Dutch hemel; there does not seem to be any connexion between the two words, and the ultimate derivation of the word is unknown; the sugges

heaven " (i . 4-6); the convulsions of history are Yahweh's See also:

• WORK

work for the instruction and See also:

• AMENDMENT (through the O. Fr. amender, to correct, from Lat. mendum, a fault)

amendment of Israel (iii . 6 seq.); the heathen gods prove helpless (ii. rr), but in what manner the conviction of Yahweh's greatness is brought See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home is not stated.4 If Jer. iv . 5-vi . 30 originally referred to the Scythians, it has been revised to refer to the Chaldeans; also in Ezek. xxxviii. seq. the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern foe has been associated with the See also:

• GREAT

great world-judgment . The replacing of the sequel of Amos (q.v.) by one which presupposes a later See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical background, the addendum to the prophecy against Moab (Isa. xvi . 13 seq.), the pessimistic glosses in Isa. xlviii., the See also:

• VARIATIONS
• VARIATIONS, CALCULUS
• VARIATIONS, CALCULUS OF

variations in the See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew and See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek text of Jeremiah, and the general treatment of prophecies of judgment and promise, exemplify certain See also:

• LITERARY

literary processes which illustrate the See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of Zephaniah . In Isaiah and Zechariah, notably, older and later groups of prophecies are preserved, whereas here the new preludes and new sequels suggest that the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• NUCLEUS (Lat. for the kernal of a nut, nux, the stone of fruit)

nucleus has passed through the hands of writers in See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch with those vicissitudes of thought which can be studied more completely elsewhere . It is not to be supposed that the elimination of all later passages and traces of revision will give us Zephaniah's prophecies in their original extent . In fact the See also:

• INTERNAL

internal religious and social conditions in i . 4-6 or iii . 1-4 do not compel a date before See also:

• JOSIAH (Heb. yo' shiyydhu, perhaps " Yah [weh] supports ")

Josiah's reforms .

The doom of Cush is still in the future in Ezek. See also:

• XXX

xxx . 4; and if the impending fall of Nineveh (ii . 13) implies an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early date, yet it is found in writings which have later additions (See also:

• NAHUM (Hebrew for " rich in comfort [is God] ")

Nahum), or which are essentially later (See also:

• JONAH
• JONAH, RABBI (ABULWALID MERWAN IBN JANAH, also R. MARINUS) (c. 996-c. 1050)

Jonah, cf . See also:

• TOBIT, THE BOOK OF

Tobit xiv . 4 [LXX), 8, to, 15); cf. also the use of Assyria for Babylon (See also:

• EZRA (from a Hebrew word meaning " help ")
• EZRA, FOURTH BOOK (or APOCALYPSE) OF
• EZRA, THIRD BOOK OF [I Esdras]

Ezra vi . 22) or See also:

• SYRIA

Syria (Zech. x. ro) . Historical references in prophecies are The " humble " (ii . -3) can scarcely be identified with the " remnant " and, as in iii . 12, are viewed as a small pious community such as we find in the See also:

• PSALMS, BOOK
• PSALMS, BOOK OF, or PSALTER

Psalms (see Nowack's See also:

• COMM

Comm.) . 4 See further W . R . Smith, See also:

• ART

art .

" Zephaniah," Ency . Brit . 9th ed., who points out that " in the See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme of Isaiah it is made clear that the fall of the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power that shatters the nations cannot fail to be recognized as Yahweh's work." not al ways decisive (Ezek. xxxii., for example, looks upon Edom and See also:

• SIDON (Phoen. ins, Hebrew 1-rs, Assyr. Sidunnu, Egypt. Diduna)

Sidon as dead), and while the continued revision of the book allows the presumption that the tradition ascribing its inception to the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of Josiah may be See also:

• AUTHENTIC (from Gr. aOO 'rns, one who does a thing himself)

authentic, it is doubtful how much of the original nucleus can be safely recognized . These are problems which concern not only the See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism of biblical prophetical writings as a whole, but also the historical vicissitudes of the period over which they extend (see JEws; See also:

• PALESTINE

PALESTINE: History) . According to See also:

• LATE

late tradition Zephaniah, like Habakkuk, was of the tribe of See also:

• SIMEON
• SIMEON (or SYMEON) OF DURHAM (d. after 1129)
• SIMEON, JOSEPH JEROME, COMTE (1749–1842)

Simeon (cf . See also:

• MICAH
• MICAH (r )

Micah of Mareshah and See also:

• OBADIAH

Obadiah of Bethhaccerem, see See also:

• CHEYNE, THOMAS KELLY (1841— )

Cheyne, Ency . Bib., See also:

• COL
• COL (Fr. for " neck," Lat. collum)

col . 3455) . The apocryphal prophecy of Zeph . (See also:

• CLEMENT (Lat. Clemens, i.e. merciful; Gr. K)4gs)
• CLEMENT, FRANCOIS (1714-1793)
• CLEMENT, JACQUES (1567-1589)

Clement of Alex., Strom., V . II, 77; see Scharer, Gesch . See also:

• VOLK, LEONARD WELLS (1828-1895)

Volk .

Ise., iii . 271 seq.) merely illustrates the tendency to utilize older traditions . See further on textual, metrical and literary de-tails, W . R . Smith (note 4, previous See also:

• PAGE
• PAGE, THOMAS NELSON (1853- )
• PAGE, WILLIAM (1811-1885)

page), reprinted in Ency . Bib., with additions by S . R . See also:

• DRIVER, SAMUEL ROLLES (1846– )

Driver, J . A . Selbie in See also:

• HASTINGS
• HASTINGS, FRANCIS
• HASTINGS, FRANK ABNEY (1794-1828)
• HASTINGS, WARREN (1732-1818)

Hastings's See also:

• DIET

Diet . Bib., J . Lippl in Bibl .

Studien (1910), and the commentaries on (all or portions of) the See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor Prophets by A . B . See also:

• DAVIDSON, ANDREW BRUCE (1831–1902)
• DAVIDSON, JOHN (1857–1909)
• DAVIDSON, RANDALL THOMAS (1848– )
• DAVIDSON, SAMUEL (1807-1898)
• DAVIDSON, THOMAS (1817-1885)

Davidson (Camb . See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible, 1896) ; G . A . Smith (1898) ; W . Nowack (1903); K . See also:

• MARTI, JUAN JOSE (157o?-1604)

Marti (1904; especially valuable) ; Driver (Cent . Bib., 1906); Von Hoonacker (1908) . (S . A .