See also:

• JEAN

JEAN See also:

• NICOLAS
• NICOLAS, SIR NICHOLAS HARRIS (1799–1848)

NICOLAS See also:

• PIERRE

PIERRE See also:

• JEAN NICOLAS PIERRE HACHETTE (1769-1834)
• HACHETTE, JEANNE
• HACHETTE, LOUIS CHRISTOPHE FRANCOIS

HACHETTE (1769-1834)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French mathematician, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• MEZIERES, PHILIPPE DE (c. 1327—1405)

Mezieres, where his See also:

• FATHER

father was a bookseller, on the 6th of May 1769 . For his See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• EDUCATION

education he proceeded first to the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college of See also:

• CHARLEVILLE

Charleville, and afterwards to that of See also:

• REIMS
• REIMS (RHEIMS)

Reims. in 1788 he returned to Mezieres, where he was attached to the school of See also:

• ENGINEERING

engineering as draughtsman to the professors of physics and See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry . In 1793 he became See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• HYDROGRAPHY (.Gr. 6&,p, water, and cypfidiecv, to write)

hydrography at Collioure and See also:

• PORT

Port-Vendre . While there he sent several papers, in which some questions of See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation were treated geometrically, to Gaspard See also:

• MONGE, GASPARD (1746-1818)

Monge, at that See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of marine, through whose See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence he obtained an See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris . Towards the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of 1794, when the Ecole Polytechnique was established, he was appointed along with Monge over the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of descriptive See also:

• GEOMETRY

geometry . There he instructed some of the ablest Frenchmen of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, among them S . D . See also:

• POISSON, SIMEON DENIS (1781-1840)

Poisson, F . See also:

• ARAGO, DOMINIQUE FRANCOIS JEAN (1786-1853)

Arago and A . See also:

• FRESNEL, AUGUSTIN JEAN (1788-1827)

Fresnel . Accompanying Guyton de Morveau in his expedition, earlier in the See also:

• YEAR

year, he was See also:

• PRESENT

present at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• FLEURUS

Fleurus, and entered See also:

• BRUSSELS (Fr. Bruxelles, Flem. Brussel)

Brussels with the French See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army . In 1816, on the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XVIII., he was expelled from his See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair by See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government .

He retained, however, till his See also:

• DEATH

death the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of professor in the See also:

• FACULTY (through the French, from the Lat. facultas, ability to do anything, from facilis, easy, facere, to do; another form of the word in Lat. facilitas, facility, ease, keeps the original meaning)

faculty of sciences in the Ecole Normale, to which he had been appointed in 181o . The necessary royal assent was in 1823 refused to the See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election of See also:

• HACHETTE, JEAN NICOLAS PIERRE (1769-1834)
• HACHETTE, JEANNE
• HACHETTE, LOUIS CHRISTOPHE FRANCOIS

Hachette to the Academie See also:

• DES

des Sciences, and it was not till 1831, after the Revolution, that he obtained that See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour . He died at Paris on the 16th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1834 . Hachette was held in high esteem for his private See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth, as well as for his scientific attainments and See also:

• GREAT

great public services . His labours were chiefly in the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field of descriptive geometry, with its application to the arts and See also:

• MECHANICAL

mechanical engineering . It was See also:

• LEFT

left to him to develop the geometry of Monge, and to him also is due in great measure the rapid See also:

• ADVANCEMENT

advancement which See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France made soon after the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of the Ecole Polytechnique in the construction of machinery . Hachette's See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• WORKS

works are his Deux Supplements a la Geometrie descriptive de Monge (1811 and 1818) ; Elements de geometrie a trois dimensions (1817) ; Collection des epures de geometrie, &c . (1795 and 1817) ; Applications de geometrie descriptive (1817) ; Traite de geometrie descriptive, &c . (1822); Traite elementaire des See also:

• MACHINES

machines (1811); Correspondance sur l'Ecole Polytechnique (1804-1815) . He also contributed many valuable papers to the leading scientific See also:

• JOURNALS

journals of his time . For a See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of Hachette's writings see the See also:

• CATALOGUE (a Fr. adaptation of the Gr. KaraXoyos, a register, from Karalyety, to enrol or pick out)

Catalogue of Scientific Papers of the Royal Society of See also:

• LONDON

London; also F . Arago, CEuvres (1855); and See also:

• SILVESTRE, PAUL ARMAND (1837-1901)

Silvestre, See also:

• NOTICE

Notice sur J .

N . P . Hachette (Bruxelles, 1836) .