See also:

• HAKKAS (" Guests," or " Strangers ")

HAKKAS (" Guests," or " Strangers ")  , a See also:

• PEOPLE

people of S.W . See also:

• CHINA

China, chiefly found in Kwang-Tung, Fu-Kien and See also:

• FORMOSA
• FORMOSA (called Taiwan by the Chinese, and following them by the Japanese, into whose possession it came after their war with China in 1895)

Formosa . Their origin is doubtful, but there is some ground for believing that they may be a See also:

• CROSS

cross between the aboriginal Mongolic See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element of See also:

• NORTHERN

northern China and the See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese proper . According to their tradition, they were in Shantung and northern China as See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as the 3rd See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century B.c . In disposition, See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance and customs they differ from the true Chinese . They speak a distinct See also:

• DIALECT (from Gr. Sia stcror, conversation, manner of speaking, &aXeyec6at, to converse)

dialect . Their See also:

• WOMEN

women, who are prettier than the pure Chinese, do not compress their feet, and move freely about in public . The See also:

• HAKKAS (" Guests," or " Strangers ")

Hakkas are a most industrious people and furnish at See also:

• CANTON
• CANTON (borrowed from the Ital. cantone, a corner or angle)
• CANTON (more correctly KWANG-CHOW Fu)
• CANTON, JOHN (1718-1772)

Canton nearly all the See also:

• COOLIE

coolie labour employed by Europeans . Their intelligence is See also:

• GREAT

great, and many noted scholars have been of Hakka See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth . Hung See also:

• SIN
• SIN (O. Eng. syn: a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zonde, Ger. Siinde)

Sin-tsuan, the See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader in the Taiping See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion, was a Hakka . In Formosa they serve as intermediaries between the Chinese and See also:

• EUROPEAN

European traders and the natives . From See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time immemorial they seem to have been persecuted by the Chinese, whom they regard as " foreigners," and with whom their means of communication is usually " See also:

• PIDGIN

pidgin See also:

• ENGLISH

English." The earliest persecution occurred under the " first universal See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor " of China, Shi-Hwang-ti (246—210 B.C.) .

From this time the Hakkas appear to have become wanderers . Sometimes for generations they were permitted to live unmolested, as under the Han See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty, when some of them held high See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official posts . During the Tang dynasty (7th, 8th, and 9th centuries) they settled in the mountains. of Fu-kien and on the frontiers of Kwang-Tung . On the invasion of Kublai See also:

• KHAN (from the Turki, hence Persian and Arabic Khan)

Khan, the Hakkas distinguished themselves by their bravery on the Chinese See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side . In the 14th century further persecutions drove them into Kwang-Tung . See " An Outline See also:

• HISTORY

History of the Hakkas," China See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1873-1874), vol. ii.; Pitou, " On the Origin and History of the Hakkas," ib.; See also:

• DYER, JOHN (c. 1700-1758)
• DYER, SIR EDWARD (d. 1607)
• DYER, THOMAS HENRY (1804-1888)

Dyer See also:

• BALL (in Mid. Eng. bal; the word is probably cognate with " bale," Teutonic in origin, cf. also Lat. falls, and Gr. 7raXXa)
• BALL, JOHN (1585-1640)
• BALL, JOHN (1818-1889)
• BALL, JOHN (d. 1381)
• BALL, SIR ALEXANDER JOHN, BART
• BALL, THOMAS (1819- )

Ball, Easy Lessons in the Hakka Dialect (1884), Things Chinese (London, 1893) ; Schaub, " See also:

• PROVERBS, BOOK OF (Heb. Mishle Slzelomoh, " Proverbs of Solomon," abridged by the later Jews to Mishle; Septuagint, irapotpiai or II. EaX.; Lat. Vulg. Parabolae sal. and Liber proverbiorum)

Proverbs in Daily Use among the Hakkas," in China Review (London, 1894-1895), vol. xxi.; Rev . J . Edkins, China's See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

Place in See also:

• PHILOLOGY

Philology; See also:

• GIRARD, JEAN BAPTISTE [known as " Le Pere Girard " or" Le Pere Gregoire "] (1765-185o)
• GIRARD, PHILIPPE HENRI DE (1775-1845)
• GIRARD, STEPHEN (1750-1831)

Girard de Rialle, Rev. d. anthrop . (See also:

• JAN

Jan. and See also:

• APRIL

April, 1885); G . See also:

• TAYLOR
• TAYLOR, ANN (1782-1866)
• TAYLOR, BAYARD (1825–1878)
• TAYLOR, BROOK (1685–1731)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1787-1865)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1829-1901)
• TAYLOR, JEREMY (1613-1667)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (158o-1653)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (1704-1766)
• TAYLOR, JOSEPH (c. 1586-c. 1653)
• TAYLOR, MICHAEL ANGELO (1757–1834)
• TAYLOR, NATHANIEL WILLIAM (1786-1858)
• TAYLOR, PHILIP MEADOWS (1808–1876)
• TAYLOR, ROWLAND (d. 1555)
• TAYLOR, SIR HENRY (1800-1886)
• TAYLOR, THOMAS (1758-1835)
• TAYLOR, TOM (1817-1880)
• TAYLOR, WILLIAM (1765-1836)
• TAYLOR, ZACHARY (1784-1850)

Taylor, "The See also:

• ABORIGINES

Aborigines of Formosa," China Review, xiv. p . 198 seq., also xvi . No .