See also:

• HALLE (known as HALLE-AN-DER-SAALE, t0 distinguish it from the small town of Halle in Westphalia)
• HALLE, SIR CHARLES (originally KARL HALLE) (1819-1895)

HALLE (known as HALLE-AN-DER-See also:

• SAALE

SAALE, t0 distinguish it from the small See also:

• TOWN

town of Halle in See also:

• WESTPHALIA (Ger. Westfalen)
• WESTPHALIA, TREATY OF

Westphalia)  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, in the Prussian See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Saxony, situated in a sandy See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain on the right See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• SAALE

Saale, which here divides into several arms, 21 M . N.W. from See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig by the railway to See also:

• MAGDEBURG

Magdeburg . Pop . (1875), 60,503; (1885) 81,982; (1895) 116,304; (1905) 160,031 . Owing to its situation at the junction of six important lines of railway, bringing it into See also:

• DIRECT

direct communication with See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, See also:

• BRESLAU (Polish Wraclaw)

Breslau, Leipzig, See also:

• FRANKFORT

Frankfort-on-See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

Main, the Harz See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country and See also:

• HANOVER
• HANOVER (Ger. Hannover)

Hanover, it has greatly See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed in See also:

• SIZE

size and in commercial and See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

industrial importance . It consists of the old, or inner, town surrounded by promenades, which occupy the site of the former fortifications, and beyond these of two small towns, Glaucha in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south and Neumarkt in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north, and five rapidly in-creasing suburbs . The inner town is irregularly built and presents a somewhat unattractive See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance, but it has been much improved and modernized by the laying out of new streets . The centre of the town proper is occupied by the imposing See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market square, on which stand the See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval town See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall (restored in 1883) and the handsome See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic Marienkirche, dating mainly from the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, with two towers connected by a See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge . In the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the square are a See also:

• CLOCK

clock-See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower (Der rote Turm) 276 ft. in height, and a See also:

• BRONZE

bronze statue of See also:

• HANDEL, GEORGE FREDERICK (1685–1759)

Handel, the composer, a native of See also:

• HALLE (known as HALLE-AN-DER-SAALE, t0 distinguish it from the small town of Halle in Westphalia)
• HALLE, SIR CHARLES (originally KARL HALLE) (1819-1895)

Halle . See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West of the market-square lies the Halle, or the Tal, where the brine springs (see below) issue . Among the eleven churches, nine See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant and two See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic, may also be mentioned the St Moritzkirche, dating from the 12th century, with fine See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood carvings and sculptures, and the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral (belonging since 1689 to the Reformed or Calvinistic See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church), built in the 16th century and containing an See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar-piece representing See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

Duke See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus of Saxony and his See also:

• FAMILY

family . Of See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular buildings the most noticeable are the ruins of the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of Moritzburg, formerly a citadel and the See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of the archbishops of Magdeburg, destroyed by See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire in the See also:

• THIRTY

Thirty Years' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, with the exception of the See also:

• LEFT

left wing now used for military purposes, the university buildings, the See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre and the new railway station .

The famous university was founded by the elector See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick III. of See also:

• BRANDENBURG

Brandenburg (afterwards See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia), in 1694, on behalf of the jurist, See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• THOMASIUS, CHRISTIAN (1655-1728)

Thomasius (1655-1728), whom many students followed to Halle, when he was expelled from Leipzig through the enmity of his See also:

• FELLOW

fellow professors . It was closed by See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon in 1806 and again in 1813, but in 1815 was re-established and augmented by the removal to it of the university of See also:

• WITTENBERG

Wittenberg, with which it thus became See also:

• UNITED

united . It has faculties of See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology, See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine and See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy . From the first it has been recognized as one of the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal seats of Protestant theology, originally of the pietistic and latterly of the rationalistic and See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical school . In connexion with the university there See also:

• AREA

area botanical See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden, a theological See also:

• SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

seminary, anatomical, pathological and See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical institutes, hospitals, an agricultural See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

institute—one of the foremost institutions of the See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind in Germany—a meteorological institute, an See also:

• OBSERVATORY

observatory and a library of 18o,000 printed volumes and 800 See also:

• MANUSCRIPTS

manuscripts . Among other educational establishments must be mentioned the See also:

• FRANCKE, AUGUST HERMANN (1663-1727)

Francke'sche Stiftungen, founded in 1691 by See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August See also:

• HERMANN, JOHANN GOTTFRIED JAKOB (1772–1848)
• HERMANN, KARL FRIEDRICH (1804–1855)

Hermann Francke (1663-1727), a bronze statue of whom by See also:

• RAUCH, CHRISTIAN DANIEL (1777 – 1857)

Rauch was erected in, 1829 in the inner See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of the See also:

• BUILDING

building . They embrace an orphanage, a laboratory where medicines are prepared and distributed, a See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press from which Bibles are issued at a cheap See also:

• RATE

rate, and eight See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools of various grades, attended in all by over 3000 pupils . The other principal institutions are the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city gymnasium, the provincial lunatic See also:

• ASYLUM (from Gr. b.-, privative, arid earl, right'of seizure)
• ASYLUM, RIGHT OF (Fr. droit d'asile; Ger. Asylrecht)

asylum, the See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison, the town See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital and infirmary, and the See also:

• DEAF

deaf and dumb institute . The See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt-springs of Halle have been known from a very See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period . Some rise within the town and others on an See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island in the Saale; and together their See also:

• ANNUAL

annual yield of salt is about 8500 tons . The workmen employed at the salt-See also:

• WORKS

works are of a See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar See also:

• RACE

race and are known as the Halloren . They have been usually regarded as descendants of the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original Wendish inhabitants, or as See also:

• CELTIC

Celtic immigrants, with an admixture of Frankish elements .

They See also:

• WEAR

wear a distinct See also:

• DRESS (from the Fr. dresser, to set out, arrange, formed from Lat. directus, arranged, dirigere, to direct, arrange)

dress, the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

• COSTUME
• COSTUME (through the Fr. costume, from Ital. costume, Late Lat. costuma, a contracted form of Lat. consuetudinem, ace. of consuetudo, custom, habit, manner, &c.)

costume of about 1700, observe several See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient customs, .and enjoy certain exemptions and privileges derived from those of the ancient Pfannerschaft (community of the salt-panners) . Among the other See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries of Halle are See also:

• SUGAR

sugar refining, See also:

• MACHINE
• MACHINE (through Fr. from Lat. form machina of Gr. µnxavil)

machine building, the manufacture of See also:

• SPIRITS

spirits, See also:

• MALT (O. Eng., mealt; O. Sax., malt; O. Tent., maltos; Mod. Ger., Malz; Scand., malt; probably derived from the Sanskrit mrdu, soft, thus having reference to the fact that malt is raw grain rendered soft or tender)

malt, See also:

• CHOCOLATE

chocolate, See also:

• COCOA

cocoa, See also:

• CONFECTIONERY (from Lat. confectio, conficere, compound)

confectionery, See also:

• CEMENT (from Lat. caementum, rough pieces of stone, a shortened form of caedimentum, from caedere, to cut)

cement, See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper, See also:

• CHICORY

chicory, lubricating and See also:

• ILLUMINATING

illuminating oil, See also:

• WAGON, or WAGGON

wagon grease, carriages and playing See also:

• CARDS, PLAYING

cards, See also:

• PRINTING (from Lat. imprimere, O. Fr. empreindre)

printing, See also:

• DYEING (0. Eng. dedgian, dealt ; Mid. Eng. deyen)

dyeing and See also:

• COAL

coal See also:

• MINING

mining (soft See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown coal) . The See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, which is supervised by a chamber of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce, is very considerable, the principal exports being machinery, raw sugar and See also:

• PETROLEUM (Lat. Petra, rock, and oleuin, oil)

petroleum . Halle is also noted as the seat of several important See also:

• PUBLISHING

publishing firms . The Bibelanstalt (Bible institution) of von Castein is the central authority for the revision of See also:

• LUTHER, MARTIN (1483-1546)

Luther's Bible, of which it sells annually from 6o,000 to 70,000 copies . Halle is first mentioned as a fortress erected on the Saale in 8o6 by See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles, son of See also:

• CHARLEMAGNE [CHARLES THE GREAT] (c. 742-814)
• CHARLEMAGNE, JEAN ARMAND (1753–1838)

Charlemagne, during his expedition against the See also:

• SORBS

Sorbs . The See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place was, however, known See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long before, and owes its origin as well as its name to the salt springs (Halis) . In 968 Halle, with the valuable salt works, was given by the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• OTTO

Otto I. to the newly founded archdiocese of Magdeburg, and in 981 Otto II. gave it a See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter as a town . The interests of the See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop were watched over by a See also:

• VOGT, KARL CHRISTOPH (1817-1895)

Vogt (advocatus) and a See also:

• BURGRAVE

burgrave, and from the first there were See also:

• SEPARATE

separate jurisdictions for the Halloren and the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German settlers in the town, the former being under that of the Salzgraf (comes salis), the latter of a Schultheiss or See also:

• BAILIFF

bailiff, both subordinate to the burgrave . The conflict of interests and jurisdictions led to the usual internecine strife during the middle ages . The panners (Planner) of the Tal, feudatories or officials, became a See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close hereditary See also:

• ARISTOCRACY (Gr. apuvror, best; «paria, government)

aristocracy in perpetual rivalry with the See also:

• GILDS, or GUILDS

gilds in the town ; and both resisted the pretensions of the archbishops . At the beginning of the 12th century Halle had attained considerable importance, and in the 13th and 14th centuries as a member of the Hanseatic See also:

• LEAGUE

League it carried on successful See also:

• WARS

wars with the archbishops of Magdeburg; and in 1435 it resisted an See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of 30,000 men under the elector of Saxony .

Its See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty perished, however, as a result of the See also:

• INTERNAL

internal See also:

• FEUD

feud between the democratic gilds and the patrician panners . On the loth of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1478 a See also:

• DEMAGOGUE (Gr. Srlµaywybs, from iyety, to lead, and Siµos, the people)

demagogue and cobbler named See also:

• JAKOB, LUDWIG HEINRICH VON (1759—1827)

Jakob Weissak, a member of the town See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council, with his confederates opened the See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates to the soldiers of the archbishop . The townsmen were subdued, and to hold them in check the archbishop, Ernest of Saxony, built the castle of Moritzburg . Notwithstanding the efforts of the archbishops of See also:

• MAINZ (Fr. Mayence)

Mainz and Magdeburg, the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation found an entrance into the city in 1522; and in 1541 a Lutheran See also:

• SUPERINTENDENT

superintendent was appointed . After the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• WESTPHALIA (Ger. Westfalen)
• WESTPHALIA, TREATY OF

Westphalia in 1648 the city came into the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of Brandenburg . In 18o6 it was stormed and taken by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French, after which, at the peace of See also:

• TILSIT

Tilsit, it was united to the new See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of Westphalia . After the See also:

• BATTLE

battle between the Prussians and French, in May 1813, it was taken by the Prussians . The rise of Leipzig was for a long See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time hurtful to the prosperity of Halle, and its See also:

• PRESENT

present rapid increase in See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population and trade is principally due to its position as the centre of a network of See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways . See Dreyhaupt, Ausfiihrliche Beschreibung See also:

• DES

des Saalkreises (Halle, 2 vols., 1755; 3rd edition, 1842–1844) ; Hoffbauer, Geschichte der L ic~i-ersitdt zu Halle (1806) ; Halle in Vorzeit and Gegenwart (1851) ; K'iauth, Kurze Geschichte and Beschreibung der Stadt Halle (3rd ed., 1861) ; vom See also:

• HAGEN
• HAGEN, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH VON DER (178o-1856)

Hagen, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Stadt Halle (1866–1867); See also:

• HERTZBERG, EWALD FRIEDRICH, COUNT VON (1725-1795)

Hertzberg, Geschichte der Vereinigung der Universitaten von Wittenberg and Halle (1867) ; See also:

• VOSS, JOHANN HEINRICH (1751–1826)
• VOSS, RICHARD (1851– )

Voss, Zur Geschichte der Autonomie der Stadt Halle (1874) ; See also:

• SCHRADER, EBERHARD (1836-1908)

Schrader, Geschichte der Friedrichs- Universitat zu Halle (Berlin, 1894) ; Karl See also:

• HEGEL, GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH (1770-1831)

Hegel, See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

State and Gilden der germanischen Volker (Leipzig, 1891), it . 444-449 .