See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

LADY EMMA See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• LADY EMMA HAMILTON (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

HAMILTON (c. 1765-1815)  , wife of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton (q.v.), the See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• ENVOY (Fr. envoye, " sent ")

envoy at See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples, and famous as the See also:

• MISTRESS

mistress of See also:

• NELSON
• NELSON, HORATIO NELSON, VISCOUNT (1758-1805)
• NELSON, ROBERT (s656-1715)

Nelson, was the daughter of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• LYON, MARY MASON (1797-1849)
• LYON, NATHANIEL (1818-1861)

Lyon, a blacksmith of See also:

• GREAT

Great Neston in See also:

• CHESHIRE

Cheshire . The date of her See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth cannot be fixed with certainty, but she was baptized at Great Neston on the 12th of May 1765, and it is not improbable that she was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in that See also:

• YEAR

year . Her baptismal name' was Emily . As her See also:

• FATHER

father died soon after her birth, the See also:

• MOTHER

mother, who was dependent on See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish See also:

• RELIEF

relief, had to remove to her native See also:

• VILLAGE

village, See also:

• HAWARDEN (pronounced Harden, Welsh Penarltg)

Hawarden in Flintshire . Emma's See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• LIFE

life is very obscure . She was certainly illiterate, and it appears that she had a See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child in 1780, a fact which has led some of her biographers to See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place her birth before 1765 . It has been said that she was first the mistress of See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain Willet See also:

• PAYNE, PETER (c. 138o-1455)

Payne, an officer in the See also:

• NAVY

navy, and that she was employed in some doubtful capacity by a notorious See also:

• QUACK

quack of the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, Dr See also:

• GRAHAM, SIR GERALD (1831–1899)
• GRAHAM, SIR JAMES ROBERT GEORGE
• GRAHAM, SYLVESTER (1794-1851)
• GRAHAM, THOMAS (1805-1869)

Graham . In 1781 she was the mistress of a See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country See also:

• GENTLEMAN (from Lat. gentilis, " belonging to a race or gens," and " man "; Fr. gentilhomme, Span. gentil hombre, Ital. gentil huomo, in its original and strict signification, a term denoting a man of good family, the Lat. generosus (its invariable transl

gentleman, Sir Harry Featherstonhaugh, who turned her out in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December of that year . She was then pregnant, and in her See also:

• DISTRESS

distress she applied to the Hon . See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles Greville, to whom she was already known . At this time she called herself Emily See also:

• HART, ALBERT BUSHNELL (1854– )
• HART, CHARLES (d. 1683)
• HART, ERNEST ABRAHAM (1835–1898)
• HART, SIR ROBERT
• HART, WILLIAM (1823–1894)

Hart . Greville, a gentleman of See also:

• ARTISTIC

artistic tastes and well known in society, entertained her as his mistress, her mother, known as Mrs See also:

• CADOGAN, WILLIAM CADOGAN

Cadogan, acting as housekeeper and partly as servant .

Under the See also:

• PROTECTION

protection of Greville, whose means were narrowed by See also:

• DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

debt, she acquired some See also:

• EDUCATION

education, and was taught to sing, See also:

• DANCE
• DANCE (Fr. danse; of obscure origin, connected with Old High Ger. danson, to stretch)

dance and See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act with professional skill . In 1782 he introduced her to his friend See also:

• ROMNEY (NEw ROMNEY)
• ROMNEY, GEORGE (1734-1802)
• ROMNEY, HENRY SIDNEY, EARL OF (1641-1704)

Romney the portrait painter, who had been established for several years in See also:

• LONDON

London, and who admired her beauty with See also:

• ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm . The numerous famous portraits of her from his See also:

• BRUSH (from Fr. brosse, which, like the English word, means both the undergrowth of a wood and the instrument; if the word in both these meanings is ultimately the same, then the origin is from a bundle of brushwood used as a brush or broom, but this is h
• BRUSH, GEORGE DE FOREST (1855– )

brush may have somewhat idealised her apparently robust and brilliantly coloured beauty, but her vivacity and See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers of See also:

• FASCINATION (from Lat. fascinare, to bewitch, probably connected with the Or. f3ao-Kaiveev, to speak ill of, to bewitch)

fascination cannot be doubted . She had the temperament of an artist, and seems to have been sincerely attached to Greville . In 1784 she was seen by his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle, Sir William Hamilton, who admired her greatly . Two years later she was sent on a visit to him at Naples, as the result of an understanding between Hamilton and Greville—the uncle paying his See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew's debts and the nephew ceding his mistress . Emma at first resented, but then submitted to the arrangement . Her beauty, her artistic capacity, and her high See also:

• SPIRITS

spirits soon made her a great favourite in the easy-going society of Naples, and See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen Maria Carolina became closely attached to her . She became famous for her " attitudes," a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of poses plasliques in which she represented classical and other figures . On the 6th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1791, during a visit to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, she was married to Sir W . Hamilton . The ceremony was required, in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to justify her public reception at the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of Naples, where See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady Hamilton played an important See also:

• PART

part as the See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent through whom the queen communicated with the British See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister—sometimes in opposition to the will and the policy of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king .

The revolutionary See also:

• WARS

wars and disturbances which began after 1792 made the services of Lady Hamilton always useful and sometimes necessary to the British See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . It was claimed by her, and on her behalf, that she secured valuable See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information in 1796, and wasof essential service to the British See also:

• FLEET

fleet in 1798 during the See also:

• NILE
• NILE, BATTLE OF THE
• NILE, SOBAT

Nile See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign, by enabling it to obtain stores and See also:

• WATER

water in See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily . These claims have been denied on the rather irrelevant ground that they are wanting in See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official See also:

• CONFIRMATION (Lat. confirmatio, from confirmare, to establish, make firm)

confirmation, which was only to be expected since they were ex lzypothesi unofficial and See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret, but it is not improbable that they were considerably exaggerated, and it is certain that her stories cannot always be reconciled with one another or with the accepted facts . When Nelson returned from the Nile in September 1798 Lady Hamilton made him her See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero, and he became entirely devoted to her . Her See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence over him indeed became notorious, and brought him much official displeasure . Lady Hamilton undoubtedly used her influence to draw Nelson into a most unhappy participation in the domestic troubles of Naples, and when Sir W . Hamilton was recalled in z800 she travelled with him and Nelson ostentatiously across See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . In England Lady Hamilton insisted on making a See also:

• PARADE (Fr. parade, an adaptation from Ital. parada; cf. Span. parada, from Lat. parade, to prepare, equip, furnish)

parade of her hold over Nelson . Their child, Horatia Nelson See also:

• THOMPSON
• THOMPSON, FRANCIS (1860-1907)
• THOMPSON, LAUNT (1833-1894)
• THOMPSON, SIR HENRY, BART
• THOMPSON, SIR JOHN SPARROW (1844-1894)
• THOMPSON, THOMAS PERONNET (1783-1869)
• THOMPSON, WILLIAM HEPWORTH (18ro–1886)

Thompson, was born on the 3oth of See also:

• JANUARY

January 18or . The profuse habits which Emma Hamilton had contracted in Naples, together with a See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion for gambling which See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew on her, led her into debt, and also into extravagant ways of living, against which her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband feebly protested . On his See also:

• DEATH

death in 18o3 she received by his will a liferent of £800, and the See also:

• FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture of his See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house in Piccadilly . She then lived openly with Nelson at his house at Merton .

Nelson tried repeatedly to secure her a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension for the services rendered at Naples, but did not succeed . On his death she received Merton, and" an See also:

• ANNUITY (from Lat. annus, a year)

annuity of £500, as well as the See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of the See also:

• INTEREST

interest of the £4000 he See also:

• LEFT

left to his daughter . But gambling and extravagance kept her poor . In 1808 her See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends endeavoured to arrange her affairs, but in 1813 she was put in See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison for debt and remained there for a year . A certain See also:

• ALDERMAN (from A.-S. ealdorman, compounded of the comparative degree of the adjective eald, old, and man)

Alderman See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith having aided her to get out, she went over to See also:

• CALAIS

Calais for See also:

• REFUGE

refuge from her creditors, and she died there in distress if not in want on the 15th of January 1815 . See also:

• AUTH0RITIES

AuTH0RITIES.–The See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs of Lady Hamilton (London, 1815) were the See also:

• WORK

work of an See also:

• ILL

ill-disposed but well-informed and shrewd observer whose name is not given . Lady Hamilton and See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord Nelson, by J, C . See also:

• JEFFERSON
• JEFFERSON, JOSEPH (1829-1905)
• JEFFERSON, THOMAS (1743-1826)

Jefferson (London, 1888) is based on See also:

• AUTHENTIC (from Gr. aOO 'rns, one who does a thing himself)

authentic papers . It is corrected in some particulars by the detailed See also:

• RECENT

recent life written by See also:

• WALTER, HUBERT (d. 1205)
• WALTER, JOHN (1738/9-1812)

Walter Sichel, Emma, Lady Hamilton (London, 1905) . See also the authorities given in the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article NELSON . (D .