HAMIRPUR  , a See also:

• TOWN

town and See also:

• DISTRICT

district of See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, in the See also:

• ALLAHABAD

Allahabad See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of the See also:

• UNITED

United Provinces . The town stands on a See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue of See also:

• LAND

land near the confluence of the See also:

• BETWA

Betwa and See also:

• JUMNA, or JAMUNA

Jumna, I io m . N.W. of Allahabad . Pop . (Igor), 6721 . It was founded, according to tradition, in the rrth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century by Hamir Deo, a Karchuli See also:

• RAJPUT

Rajput expelled from See also:

• ALWAR, or ULWAR

Alwar by the Mahommedans . The district has an See also:

• AREA

area of 2289 sq. m., and encloses the native states of Sarila, Jigni and Bihat, besides portions of See also:

• CHARKHARI

Charkhari and Garrauli . Hamirpur forms See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain of See also:

• BUNDELKHAND

Bundelkhand, which stretches from the See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of the Jumna to the central .Vindhyan See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau . The district is in shape an irregular parallelogram, with a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general slope northward from the See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low hills on the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern boundary . The scenery is rendered picturesque by the artificial lakes of See also:

• MAHOBA

Mahoba . These magnificent reservoirs were constructed by the Chandel rajas before the See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest, for purposes of See also:

• IRRIGATION (Lat. in, and rigare, to water or wet)

irrigation and as sheets of ornamental See also:

• WATER

water . Many of them enclose craggy islets or peninsulas, crowned by the ruins of See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite temples, exquisitely carved and decorated .

From the See also:

• BASE

base of this See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill and See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country the general plain of the district spreads northward in an arid and treeless level towards the broken banks of the See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers . Of these the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal are the Betwa and its tributary the Dhasan, both of which are unnavigable . There is little See also:

• WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

waste land, except in the ravines by the See also:

• RIVER

river sides . The deep See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black See also:

• SOIL

soil of Bundelkhand, known as See also:

• MAR, EARLDOM OF
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 1ST OR 6TH EARL OF (d. 1572)
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 2ND OR 7TH EARL
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 6TH OR 11TH EARL OF (1675-1732)

mar, retains the moisture under a dried and rifted See also:

• SURFACE

surface, and renders the district fertile . The See also:

• STAPLE

staple See also:

• PRO

pro-duce is See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain of various sorts, the most important being See also:

• GRAM

gram . See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

Cotton is also a valuable See also:

• CROP (a word common. in various forms, such as Germ. Kropf, to many Teutonic languages for a swelling, excrescence, round head or top of anything; it appears also in Romanic languages derived from Teutonic, in Fr. as troupe, whence the English " crupper "

crop . See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

Agriculture suffers much from the spread of the kans grass, a noxious See also:

• WEED, THURLOW (1797—1882)

weed which overruns the See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields and is found to be almost ineradicable wherever it has once obtained a footing . Droughts and See also:

• FAMINE (Lat. fames, hunger)

famine are unhappily See also:

• COMMON

common . The See also:

• CLIMATE

climate is dry and hot, owing to the See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence of shade and the bareness of soil, except in the neighbourhood of the Mahoba lakes, which cool and moisten the See also:

• ATMOSPHERE (Gr. fir µ6r, vapour; orkaipa, a sphere)

atmosphere . In 1901 the pop. was 458,542, showing a decrease of 11% in the See also:

• DECADE (from Gr. Oka, ten)

decade, due to the famine of 1895-1897 . Export See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade is chiefly in agricultural produce and cotton See also:

• CLOTH

cloth . See also:

• RATH, GERHARD VOM (183o-1888)

Rath is the principal commercial centre .

The Midland See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the Great See also:

• INDIAN

Indian See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

Peninsula railway passes through the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of the district . From the gth to the 12th century this district was the centre of the Chandel See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom, with its See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital at Mahoba . The rajas adorned the town with many splendid edifices, remains of which still exist, besides constructing the See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble artificial lakes already described . At the end of the 12th century Mahoba See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into the hands of the Mussulmans . In 168o the district was conquered by Chhatar Sal, the See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero of the Bundelas, who assigned at his See also:

• DEATH

death one-third of his dominions to his ally the See also:

• PESHWA (Persian for " leader," " guide ")

peshwa of the See also:

• MAHRATTAS

Mahrattas . Until Bundelkhand became British territory in 1803 there was See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant warfare between the Bundela princes and the Mahratta chieftains . On the outbreak of the See also:

• MUTINY
• MUTINY (from an old verb " mutine," O. Fr. mutin, meutin, a sedition; cf. mod. Fr. emeute; the original is the Late Lat. mota, commotion, from movere, to move)

Mutiny in 18J7, Hamirpur was the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of a fierce See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion, and all the principal towns were plundered by the surrounding chiefs . After a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of desultory See also:

• GUERRILLA (erroneously written " guerilla," being the diminutive of the Span. guerra, war)

guerrilla warfare the rebels were effectually quelled and the See also:

• WORK

work of reorganization began . The district has since been subject to cycles of varying agri- cultural ,prosperity .